Racial Profiling Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Racial Profiling Questions - Coursework Example Why hasn’t it been solved before? Unfortunately, the approach taken and being taken is to place a band aide over one problem and has never been to address the core of the problem. By educating the youth and impressing upon them the importance of equality and shared values we will see changes in the future through these younger generations. Why are the obvious solutions inadequate? By itself the education of the youth still leaves an entire generation (generation Y and X) without the benefit of understanding why racial profiling is wrong. As a result we must educate them as well, through job seminars and similar. What are the consequences of not solving the problem? The problem will cycle to another race with time, as it has throughout the history of the United States. 5. We should use education because the use of education will lead to understanding, equality and a truly blended society. By better understanding each other and our differences and learning to embrace those diffe rences we are better able to accept each person’s approach and less likely to use our lack of understanding to supplement our approach within the law.

Sales Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

Sales Marketing Plan Essay Marketing is one of the most important aspects of a business. According to Peter Drucker â€Å"There will always, one can assume, be need for some selling. But the aim of marketing is to make selling superfluous. The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customers so well that the product or service fits him and sells itself. Ideally, marketing should result in a customer who is ready to buy. All that should be needed then is to make the product or service available. † (Peter Drucker, Marketing Management, Philip Kotler). In this report, we have planned to market the service ‘Hair care’ by opening an Hair Salon in Silver spring, USA. We have analyzed different marketing strategies and designed a marketing plan for the same. SLP 01 1. NAME, LOCATION amp; NATURE NAME: â€Å"Looks† Location: Silver spring, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA Nature: ‘LOOKS’ will be one stop solution that will allow the entire family to have their hair needs satisfied in one convenient location. It will serve men, women, and children and it will accept appointments as well as walk-ins. ‘LOOKS’ will also sell premium hair care products. It will focus on serving the entire family in one quick, convenient visit. It will excel due to its attention on their clients, so as to build a long term relationship. Through unheralded customer attention, ‘LOOKS’ will slowly but surely gain market share as it services the entire family, creating long-term relationships. Being on one of the best location of Silver Spring, it will attract a lot of traffic. 2. SELF-ANALYSIS The US salon market accounts for approximately 60 billion dollars. Looking stylish, trendy and beautiful is one of the major concerns of the people in US today and providing this, forms the strength of â€Å"Looks†. As the mission of â€Å"Looks† aligns with this need of the market and as it has comparatively higher competency in the world of fashion it is a strong player. 3. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS The population of Silver Spring is 78,488, with a growth of 2. 5%. The population of Silver Spring consists of 48% males and 52% females. The immediate geographic target of LOOKS is Silver Spring and its neighboring communities of total 250,000 of population. Approximately 12 miles geographic radius is in need of the offered services. The total targeted population 100,000. Baby boomers, Gen-Xers and baby boomlet and the young generation are the groups that are targeted by ‘LOOKS’. 4. ANALYSIS OF  PRIMARY COMPETITORS The location chosen offers very less competition or no competition. Though there are two major competitors which LOOKS has to compete with. Ebony Barbers Unisex ;amp; Fenton Barber Shop are the two major competitors of LOOKS. As Silver Spring is one of the biggest hub for business it may likely to be hurt by emerging competition. LOOKS will have to face Monopolistic competition, as its competitor is able to differentiate their offerings. 5. MARKET RESEARCH The demographic segregation of Silver Spring is displayed in the graph displayed below: Age Group| %| Under 18 yrs| 23%| 18 – 24 yrs| 9. 3%| 25 – 44 yrs| 37%| 45 – 64 yrs| 21. 2%| Above 65 yrs| 9. 6%| Silver Spring is a ‘Salad Bowl’ society with ethnic group maintaining their ethnic differences, neighborhoods and culture. The Silver Spring population comprises of different racial people which are 46. 61%  white, 28. 07%  African American, 0. 44% Native American, 8.22% Asian, 0. 06% Pacific Islander, 11. 55% from  other races and 5. 04% from two or more races 22. 22% people of the total population are of Hispanic or Latino race. ‘Looks’ will concentrate on the needs and wants of all races as each group has a specific want that need to be satisfied. The Household pattern in Silver Spring is ‘diverse’ as maximum people in Silver Spring are adult live together, single parent family and single live out. 6. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT a. Political and legal factors This environment comprises of laws, government agencies and pressure groups. Business Legislation protects companies from unfair competition, customers from unfair business practices, and interest of the society. Consumer Protection is one of the most important aspect that had to be followed by the business legislation in Silver Spring, maintaining the product quality and disclosing the facts about the product is very important. Anti-competitive agreements among competitors are restrained in Silver Spring. Agreements such as price fixing and customer and market allocation agreements are prohibited in Silver Spring. Economic factors Economic environment helps in determining the strength and size of the market. LOOKS need to analyze the economic environment as the available purchasing power in an economy depends on current income, prices, savings, debt and credit availability in the economy. So its important to analyze the major trends in income and consumer spending patterns. Income Distribution The total number of household in Silver Spring is 30,374. Average household income of the area is $51,653 and the average income of the family is $60,631. The per capita income of Silver Spring is $26,357. 9. 3%(7300 people) of the population are below poverty line. The cost of living in Silver Spring is 40. 12% higher than the US average and the unemployment rate is 5. 10%. The recent job growth trend is negative. c. Social factors Silver Spring people are looking for services and products that provide them ‘Self realization’. Customers have become more value driven in choosing their products or services. Silver Spring organizes several ethnic festivals, musical and entertainment events. One of the most famous film festival i.e. Silver docs Documentary film festival is held every year in the month of June. Silver Spring also organizes Silver Spring Jazz festival which is one of the biggest musical festival which attracts more than 20,000 people. This festival is held on the second Saturday in the month of September. It also hosts American Film Institute Silver Theatre and culture, which showcases American as well as different foreign movies. Silver Spring is one of the major area of Montgomery County, the revitalization of Silver Spring has beckoned diversity of people wide variety of ideas. Thus, Silver Spring had a wide variety of culture. SLP02 7. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ANALYSIS SWOT Analysis : Strengths : * Location, centrally located * Well-trained employees with excellent styling, hair care skills * Customer focused business practice * Wide range of services * Low cost * A powerful strategy supported by competitively valuable skills and experience in key areas * A strong financial condition; ample financial resources to grow the business * Product innovation skills * Wide geographic coverage Weakness : LOOKS will cater to a diverse variety of people of different culture and races i. e. whites, African American, Native Americans, Asians and people of other communities and culture. The Social class which LOOKS will target will be Middle class, upper middle class, Lower upper and upper uppers. Psychographic Segmentation: ‘Lifestyle’ and ‘Style statement’ are one of the priorities of people of Silver Spring. LOOKS will target the audience who are straights, swingers and long hairs having different personality traits. LOOKS will personify the personality of its target audience, by giving a style to their living. 9. SERVICE DESCRIPTION Silver Spring organises lots of cultural festivals, film festivals, and musical events. So LOOKS will cater the need of style needed by the target audience during these occasions. LOOKS will provide a quality service so as to keep the customers satisfied. With the trained and specialized staff it will also be able to speedy service to the client. As people look for quality, convenience and speed. LOOKS will focus in making hard core loyals, through its customer service, quality and style. 10. BUSINESS MISSION LOOKS is committed to provide the best services to its customers, it will provide its customers best professional services in the field of Hair care and styling. With the changing environment, the company will acquire new trends and will upgrade its services to provide best services to its customers. 11. GENERAL OBJECTIVES or GOALS Financial: 1. To reach the breakeven point within two years of the business operations 2. Growth of 10% profits from the base year. Nonfinancial: 1. Expand the operations of business by including new hair care programs within five years. 2. To become one of the best hair care salon in Silver Spring 3. Attracting the customers from the areas near silver Spring 4. Providing best services all round the year. 5. Provide professional services in affordable price. SLP03 12. DISTRIBUTION, LOCATION ;amp; TIMING The primary base of any beauty hair salon is to provide basic hair cut and other hair styling. LOOKS will be one stop solution for all the hair care needs. LOOKS provides hair styling for the entire family. The services of LOOKS will include Haircuts, Formal Styling of hairs, Casual hair styles, coloring, highlighting, perms, deep conditioning treatment, hair care treatment, hair spas, relaxers, massage, hair extension. Service is offered on a walk in basis or by appointment. LOOKS will emphasize a customer-centric service where the customers needs are always the priority. Highlighting is one of the essential services that is demanded by the customers in silver Spring. Coifed hair is one of the famous dress code that is followed by many women at their workplace. Customers not only just look for getting their hairs highlighted, but also prefer the services as cut with waving and smoothing. The main focus of customers in today’s time is quality of service that is provided at the hair salon, they aspire quality services as work place appearance code is one the important aspects of people in Silver Spring. Colouring and highlighting of hairs helps is transforming or changing the look and appearance of the person. Hair straightening and smoothening is also one of the major services that is demanded by the customers. LOOKS will also follow the new trends of hair styling just as blowout styling. LOOKS will also provide therapies and spa treatment which will help in recovering the damage hairs, hair loss and thinning hair treatments. 13. VARIATIONS IN TARGET MARKET LOOKS will tailor its services so that it caters the needs and wants of local customer group as well as immediate neighbours of Silver Spring. People in Silver Spring are of different races and culture so the customers will have diffused preferences, the consumer preferences will be diverse. LOOKS will operate in Silver Spring and its surroundings and will cater all the local variations. It is a suburban area. With the connectivity with two major cities, Washington D. C and Biltmore, it will also target the people residing near Silver Spring. SLP04 14. INFORMATION NEEDS Information on segmentation and competition are essential. Marketing Segmentation is an effort which helps in increasing company’s precision marketing. LOOKS will practice Segment Marketing as it will help in creating large potential market, as LOOKS will provide its services at low cost, it will be able to attract customers and the low costing can help gaining higher margins in future as LOOKS will cater a large market. The main aim of LOOKS will be to create and retain customers, keeping in mind the tastes and preferences of the customers. LOOKS can also create a few fine toned services and can price them accordingly for a high class segment. 15. PERSONAL SELLING LOOKS will adopt Full Market coverage strategy, it will serve all customer groups with all the products they might need. The services and marketing will be designed in such a way that it will appeal the broadest number of buyers. It will aim to endow its services with a superior image in people’s mind. It will try and win price sensitive market by keeping low cost to the services provided. 16. TRAINING * Gap between management perception and service quality specification: This gap occurs when management correctly perceives the requirement of the client but it is not able to provide that service because of the specified performance chart. There are several guideline that a company has to follow. LOOKS will use the products of latest technology so as to serve its clients with the services and style needed. Gap between service quality specification and service delivery: This gap occurs when the personnel is not trained properly and is incapable to meet the standards. LOOKS will focus on training its stylists from few of the top styling professionals, so that LOOKS is able to deliver the specified service required by the client. * Gap between perceived service and expected service: This gap occurs when the customers misperceives the services that is to be provided by the company. LOOKS will minimize the gap between the perceived service and the expected service. It will cater to the expected needs of the clients of LOOKS. LOOKS will give importance to reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy so as provide the determined service quality. 17. INCENTIVES * Gap between customer expectation and management perception: This gap occurs when the management is not able to perceive correctly the requirement and wants of the customer. LOOKS will consult the clients to know their expected needs and wants. The stylists will be trained in the way, that they work in accordance with the expectation of the clients so as to reduce the gap between customer satisfaction and management perception. Gap between service delivery and external communications: This gap occurs when customer satisfaction are affected by statements made by company personnel. LOOKS will focus on meeting the requirement of the clients, the clients who are decisive about the style or the service needed by them will be consulted by our consulting professional who will specially focus on understanding the requirement of the client. 18. EVALUATION OF SELLING PERFORMANCE LOOKS is a customer centred organization. LOOKS has to differentiate its services from its competitors to emerge as the best Beauty Hair Salon in Silver Spring. LOOKS will provide high Performance Quality to its customers. It will provide its customers the style and services as per their specifications. LOOKS will focus on customer satisfaction; the services that will be provided by LOOKS will enable the customer to feel good. LOOKS will provide the adequate and demanded quality to its customers by consulting the customers, the stylist will provide the services as needed by the customer. LOOKS will earn a strong competitive advantage through Personnel Differentiation. LOOKS will train the employees by the best stylists to cater to its customers. The physical space of LOOKS will be another powerful image generator. 19. COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES LOOKS will help women in balancing their lifestyle, taking care of their hairs. It will be a treat for women who have time. It will be one of the places where men and women can get pampered by the hair treatment, spas and other hair styling and hair care services. LOOKS position itself as â€Å"one-size-that -fits-all†, and â€Å"A mirror to your Image† 20. COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY The main objective of LOOKS is to build trust in women, once LOOKS is able to gain the trust then they tend to be loyal. Objectives of LOOKS: * Visual excitement environment * Fashion authority * Above average quality and value for money * Customer dedication * Providing unrevealed value to our customers in the quality of services provided by LOOKS * A commitment to putting customer first at all times. LOOKS will focus on building awareness, attracting traffic or eyeballs, turning first-time buyers into loyal repeat customers as it is the Holy Grail of marketing strategies. It will provide new innovative colors as well as style to their clients. As the customers in this industry have diffused preferences, the preferences of the clients will be considered and worked accordingly. The salon will focus on satisfying both Employees as well as customers because if the employees are happy they will keep the customers happy. A Fun to work environment will be adopted to add a spark in the working environment. 21. MEDIA LOOKS will follow the cheapest mode of advertising . i. e word of mouth as it will focus on customer satisfaction. Other modes of promotion will also be followed like advertising through banners and hoardings. LOOKS will position itself as ‘Mirror to your image’. * Newspaper : One page advertisement will be displayed in the leading news papers of Silver spring as Silver spring Gazette, and Mondotimes. It will help in targeting a greater audience as it covers large geographic area. * Front store Display: As these displays are visible by the pass by, it will help in attracting customers. * Banners: these displays will also help it attracting huge customer base. * Radio :Radio is also one of the most effective mode of promotion, In Silver spring there are huge number of radio stations that operate. It will also help in attracting huge customers as radio also targets huge geographical area. AM station like WACA, (1540 AM), W7OP (1500 AM), FM stations like WWDC (101. 1 FM), WCSP (90. 1 FM) * Pamphlets: To increase more awareness, printed pamphlets can be distributed near schools, shopping places, amusement parks. * Specialty advertising: In this LOOKS will advertise by few useful, low cost items bearing the company’s name and address, on few of the items advertising message will also be displayed. This will include ball pens, calendars, memo pads. Maintaining ongoing contact is essential for building relationships. It is the extension of engaging and focuses on keeping a customer. The objective is to increase the customer base, and retaining customers and engaging them on an ongoing basis results in increased product service opportunities and provides the opportunity to learn more about the customer, and forge closer relationships. 23. SALES PROMOTIONS LOOKS has to build effective communication strategy so as to capture maximum market. LOOKS has to work to develop an insight in people. LOOKS will be positioned in the mind of people as â€Å"one stop solution for hair care and styling†, one-size-that -fits-all†, and â€Å"A mirror to your Image†. LOOKS has to follow â€Å"learn-feel-do† model for determining its communication objective as the target audience has high involvement with a service provided to have differentiation. 24. ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONS EFFECTIVENESS Competition and Buying patterns of people of Silver Spring LOOKS competitors include: 1. Traditional Barbers: 2. Franchised Quick Salons 3. Independent Salons Ebony Barbers Unisex ;amp; Fenton Barber Shop are the main competitors of LOOKS. The buying patterns of men and women are quite different. Men are more sensitive towards pricing and convenience. Women are concerned and conscious with their styles and trends that are being followed. Monitoring needs to be carried out effectively, and that the feedback gained is useful and appropriate, it is also imperative that feedback is considered in any future decision-making SLP05 25. OVERALL COSTS The average price that we will charge for the styling of hairs will be approximately $100. The fixed cost will be approximately $100,000 per year including the equipments and the variable cost will be approximately $25 which will mainly include the electricity expenses, employee cost and other miscellaneous cost. Calculating the break even point: BEP = [FC ? (P – UVC)] BEPQuantity = [$100,000 ? ($100 – $25)] = 1333 customers BEPRevenue = 1333 customers ? $100 = $133300 The above figures are tentative and subject to change with the market conditions and demand. LOOKS will follow super value strategy, it will provide high quality of service in low price, so as to attract maximum customers. LOOKS initial focus is to attract maximum customers. It will follow Market penetration pricing, this will allow LOOKS to win the largest market share. New and quality product range of the hair care products will also be kept at the salon as many people prefer these for home use as well and it will turn out to be one of the channels for sale for high premium brand products. 27. TEMPORARY PRICE PROMOTIONS A new style of services will be provide to the client, all their requirements will be considered so as to provide them with the best result, the salon will give a total new look to the client keeping in mind the texture and the nature of his hair using best products and giving best services. The salon will follow distinctive strategy for positioning. The price will be on a lower end, as main motive of LOOKS is to give customers the value for the product and their satisfaction, as Customer value and customer satisfaction are very important for any company or a brand to sustain in the market and capture the market share. LOOKS will be focusing on price-quality effect . i. e. providing high degree of quality product. 28. PROFITS LOOKS will also keep premium  hair care products  for sale as they are one of the important revenue generator, they help in providing 5% to 40% of revenue. These professional quality supplies will include shampoos, conditioners, hair colors, reconstructions, brushes, combs, and other styling aids. 29. LEARNING Attract The critical first step of the customer experience is to attract customers to LOOKS. After attracting, it then need to engage customers to obtain their interest and participation. Engage The key factors at this stage are Convenience combined with interesting and innovative services. Learn Building up a knowledge database on each customer – is an important aspect that needs to be done at LOOKS as it can create value for the customer and help build the brand-customer relationship. Relate By leveraging the multidimensional data gathered from ongoing interactions with individual customers, LOOKS can create value by providing a personalized experience. Customization and good Customer Care help to erect switching barriers and encourages customers to return and repeat the cycle. LOOKS has to focus on generating high customer loyalty by delivering high customer value by designing superior value proposition backed by superior value delivery system. LOOKS success depends on the way it creates and deliver the value which is superior than its competitors, which is develops following capabilities : * Understanding customer value * Creating customer value * Delivering customer value * Capturing customer value * Sustaining customer value LOOKS will focus in making their customers their ‘True Friends’ i. e. it will bbuilding relationships with the right customers Conclusion: The marketing strategy will seek to first create customer awareness regarding the services offered, then develop the customer base, and finally work toward building customer loyalty and referrals. The message that LOOKS will seek to communicate is that the entire family can be served quickly, professionally, with superior customer service at reasonable rates. The message will be communicated through various methods. The first is in-store and storefront displays. This will be a convenient method to attract people that walk past LOOKSs store front. The other method of communication is advertisements in two local newspapers.

Public Schools then And Now Education Essay

Public Schools then And Now Education Essay Desegregation of the nations public schools was mandated by the Supreme Court on May 17, 1954 with the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling. Nine years later, racial tensions related to segregation reached a critical point. Early in 1963, the Alabama Governor George Wallace kicked off his reign by stating segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever (Elliot, 2003). Later that year, Wallace would stand in the doors of the University of Alabama in an attempt to physically prevent African-American students form enrolling. Civil rights leaders championed Wallaces failures as a victory for school desegregation and proof that the movement was progressing. Wallaces failed attempts did not kick start the movement as most civil rights leaders had hoped, however. In 1975, Marian Wright Edelman (1975) of the Childrens Defense Fund in Washington, DC, wrote: The current status of school desegregation is complex. Twenty-one years after Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, school desegregation is caught in a crossfire of opposition. There are those who have always opposed it; those who say they are for it but eschew the means to achieve it; those who feel the costs of achieving it are not worthwhile because the early experiences have not produced instant brotherhood or IQ gains; and those who, after twenty years of resistance, struggle, and mixed progress, pronounce it irrelevant and a failure because three hundred years of slavery and segregation have not died by decree. Edelman went on to conclude that if school desegregation continued to progress t the same pace as housing desegregation in the 1960s, then America would see schools desegregated in about twenty-five decades. While the ruling most often regarded as the foundation for school desegregation is Brown v. Board of Education, not much changed in public schools following the Supreme Court decision. A full decade following Brown saw less than one percent of black students in the south begin attending previously all white schools. It was not until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed that desegregation began transforming the face of public schools, especially in the south. While the broad language of the legislation gave minorities the right to file suits forcing desegregation, Title VI of the Act allowed the federal government to withhold funding for any programs that discriminated against students based solely race. By the end of 1968, the percentage of black students in the south enrolled in previously all white students had climbed to twelve percent. By 1973, these numbers had climbed from less than one percent in 1964 to over forty-six percent (Edelman, 1975). While the desegregation movement has hit stumbling blocks along the way, the policy has long been instituted in the nations public schools. What have been the results? Some would argue that todays public schools are more segregated than schools prior to Brown. Much of the discussion about school reform in the United States in the past two decades has been about racial inequality. While goals of the No Child Left Behind Act and institution of high stakes testing in high schools have been to end a perceived low-expectation from all students, especially minority students, a disproportionate number of the schools being officially labeled as failures have been segregated minority schools. Inner-city school systems are making major efforts to break large segregated, high-poverty high schools into small schools. This is being done in an attempt to create schools better equipped to reduce inequality. Some argue that charter schools and private schools could substantially reduce racial inequa lities, even though both of these settings often create more segregated schools than traditional public schools. Additionally, Harvard University researchers have found no evidence to support claims for either of these school settings (Orfield Lee, 2005). Even so, court orders and plans for equal opportunity and desegregated schools are being challenged in court and sometimes terminated. Leaders of the small number of high achieving segregated schools in some inner-cities are being heralded as proof-positive we can have educational success within the context of existing segregation (Thernstrom, 2003). It appears that the new movement champions the idea that separate schools can be equal. In fact, since the 1980s, there has been increasing segregation among both African-American and Latino students. A common misconception over the issue of re-segregation of schools is that many people view segregation as a simple change in the skin color of the students in a school. If skin color were the only variable and other issues associated with inequality were not linked to varying skin tones, then skin color would be of little or no significance to social policy, including educational policy. In our society, however, no issue is so simple. Race is linked to many other issues in society. Like some experts, I take the position that schools today are more segregated than schools of yesterday, but not necessarily by race. Instead, it is socioeconomic status of families and students that have led to segregation by income in many cases. Socioeconomic segregation multidimensional and causes much of the educational inequality in todays society. Our nations schools contain less Caucasian students than ever. Forty-one percent of all students are not white and the great majority of the nonwhite students attend schools which show substantial signs of socioeconomic segregation (Orfield Lee, 2004). Achievement scores are strongly linked to school racial composition the presence of highly qualified and experienced teachers (Schellenberg, 1999). The high level of poverty among children, together with many housing policies and practices which exclude poor people from most communities, force families living in poverty into inner-city neighborhoods with housing projects or low-value property. This geographical isolation of low-income families mean that students in inner-city schools face isolation not only from more prolific community members, usually white families, and from middle class schools. With only access to poverty-st ricken schools, children from poverty have limited access to resources that will help break the poverty cycle. Because of this, minority children are far more likely than whites to grow up in persistent poverty. Another reason for the apparent re-segregation of schools is immigration. African-American students are no longer the most prolific minority. As the number of black students grew slowly during the last 15 years, the number of Latinos and Asian students exploded. Proportionally speaking, white enrollment continuously declined. The total number of white students did not decrease, but the percentage of white enrollments compared to minority enrollments has continued to fall. Latinos are now the largest minority group at 18 percent, closely followed by black students at 17 percent. Together, these two groups are now more than a third of the total student population (Orfield Lee, 2005). African-American and Latino students comprise at least 30 percent of the student population in most of the states. Asians now outnumber black students in some regions of the West while Latinos are the most prevalent minority in the Northeast. With the decrease in white students and the increase in minority presence in education, one may conclude that segregation should be a non-issue. It is important to understand that segregation was never just a black-white problem. It was never just a Southern problem and most definitely not just a racial problem. By the time Dr. Martin Luther King organized his last movement, the Poor Peoples Campaign, his approach was openly multiracial, emphasizing poverty as well as racial discrimination. Just a few days before his assassination, Dr. King addressed this issue directly by saying that it was absolutely necessary now to deal massively and militantly with the economic problemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. So the grave problem facing us is the problem of economic deprivation, with the syndrome of bad housing and poor education and improper health facilities all surrounding this basic problem (Washington, 1986). This raises some intriguing questions. What would have happened if Dr. King had not died s o abruptly? Would the relationship between racial and economic isolation have been brought to the forefront of American politics? Would desegregation of public schools actually have addressed the issue at the heart of student performance, socioeconomic status not race? In the purest sense of the words, the civil rights movement was never about blacks sitting next to whites on busses or in restaurants. It was about equalizing opportunities. Opportunities for education are of the utmost importance. If high poverty schools are systematically unequal and segregated minority schools are almost always high poverty schools, it is much easier to understand how schools segregated on the basis of socioeconomic status do not provide the same equal access to educational opportunities as non-segregated schools. Plans must be enacted to addresses what some educators and sociologists have long known to be the greatest barrier to equal educational opportunity: poverty. We must recognize that separate schools for rich and poor are, by design, unequal. Consideration of socioeconomic status also makes sense in the broader context of school desegregation. While it is inappropriate for todays educational leaders to say that predominantly black schools are inherently in ferior or that blacks need to sit next to whites in order to learn, it needs to be understood that if we educate rich and poor students in separate schools, the high-poverty schools will undoubtedly be of lower quality. It is important to understand that regardless of ethnic makeup, research has found that a student of low-socio-economic status will perform worse academically at a low-income school than if that same student attends a predominantly middle-class school. In fact, the converse has been found to be true as well. Students from middle and upper-class families perform worse at high-poverty schools as well (Kahlenberg, 1999). Critics of these findings suggest that steps be taken to supplement high-poverty schools rather than desegregation by socioeconomic status. Some have said to simply provide more funding to supplement needs or to raise standards if the curriculum is watered down. If teachers in such schools are not qualified or unprepared, simply improve teacher training . While each of these ideas may be worthy of consideration, could we not achieve more sense of equality by addressing the underlying cause of school inequality, economic segregation. High-poverty schools, even with extra funding, are problematic. A good school fosters a student culture that values learning. Students learn from one another. For instance, students expand their vocabularies when exposed to classmates who know more words than they do. Often students have a broader vocabulary that comes from experiences outside of the school that are often missing in low-income students lives. Instead, poor practices and misconceptions are often reinforced by peers because actions are accepted as the norm. Some experts point to this phenomenon as the root cause for the developing ebonics dialect among students from some inner-city schools. Rather than encouraging advancement, peers may actively denigrate achievement in high-poverty schools. The extra needs poor students often bring to school can effectively overwhelm schools with large numbers of needy kids. How do we address these issues as a nation? What is the next step? San Francisco officials have implemented a unique approach to school zoning that attempts to address the issue of socioeconomic segregation. Historically, in San Francisco and other cities across the country, policy has not attacked poverty concentrations. Instead, policy has focused solely on racial desegregation, in part because the 14th Amendment has been read to address segregation by race but not by class. Today, school districts are beginning to turn directly to the socioeconomic factors in determining a schools quality. This has led leaders to work to redraw school zones based on socioeconomic considerations. San Francisco is considering many socioeconomic factors in developing school zones, including parental education, income, and geographical location. Children with parents who did not attend college and children who receive free or reduced-price lunch, live in public housing, or live in high-poverty neighborhoods will be integrated with more-affluent students. Goal of the redistricting is to distribute the citys wealth throughout the school system so that no one school is wealthier than another. Likewise, no one school will have a higher percentage of low-income students than another (Kahlenberg, 1999). While this seems like a novel concept, San Francisco has set in motion a plan that, if enacted correctly, will sufficiently desegregate city schools in a manner consistent with the goals of the civil rights movement. The concept is not new. Reaching back to Horace Manns concept of common schools, the plan will provide all students equal access and opportunity to a quality education regardless of socioeconomic status. While the concept may be foreign to many in the education field, this concept, is adopted nationally, is the best process for once again making public schools engines for social mobility.

Countess Elizabeth Bathory of Hungary :: essays research papers

Countess Elizabeth Bathory of Hungary Thesis Statement: Through her intriguing personality, physical attributes, political intuitiveness, and her distorted moral/family values, Countess Elizabeth Bathory of Hungary has led the life of one of the most fascinating yet neurotic leaders in all of Transylvania’s history. I. Countess Elizabeth Bathory of Hungary, born in 1560, retained a childhood of sheer disgust hidden behind the curtain of royalty. A. During her childhood, she witnessed horrific trials and sentences carried out under her family’s officials. B. Such experiences resulted in seizures that were believed at that time to make her neurotic. C. At the age of 14, she delivered an illegitimate child. The following year she was married to Count Ferencz Nadasdy. II. With her husband away at battle, she became supreme leader of the land, taking full advantage of the role as countess and head. A. While remaining in the castle, she quickly grew bored. She entertained herself by simply torturing her servants and delving into witchcraft. B. She harshly beat her servants constantly and was taught by her new nurse, Darvulia, in the ways of torture and witchcraft. C. Her servants could say nothing about the battering (legally) because they were of lower class than their mistress. III. After years at the castle, she began to realize the one thing she counted on the most, her beauty, began to wane. A. One day as a servant was addressing her mistress’ headdress, she pulled the hair too hard and Elizabeth slapped her. Blood spurted onto her hand. As she wiped it away, wrinkles seemed to disappear. B. Turning to witchcraft once again, Darvulia explained the only way to regain lost youth was to bathe in virgin blood. C. As a result, 650 virgins, each of noble and pesantry class, were brought before her. D. They were tormented, slaughtered and buried. Some bodies were eventually thrown to wolves. IV. Torturing techniques written in her diary as well corpses that were eventually found lead up to her two trials in 1612. A. Witnesses, as well as Elizabeth’s other helpers, stated all they knew when they were present. B. One found her diary covered in names and techniques used. C.

Women and High Heels

Speaker: Date: Speech Topic: high heel shoes, what effect do they have on women? Specific Purpose: To inform women that even though we love our heels they can be hazardous if not worn in moderation. Introduction I. Women will wear their heels high, no matter the cost. If our wallets don’t suffer, our feet surely will. II. When a woman puts on a pair of heels, she feels sexy and powerful. She knows the men are watching her, and she is the center of attention (even if it’s all in her mind) She will spend her last dime on a beautiful pair of shoes, but did you know that over time those high heels can cause major damage to your feet?What’s so special about high heels, that women would spend their last dime and risk being in pain? I. The advantage of wearing high heels. A. When a woman puts on a pair of heels, she suddenly feels sexy, and confident. Have you ever noticed when you see a lady in a pair of these shoes she walks a little different? B. Her butt lifts a lit tle higher C. Her legs appear to be longer D. Her body appears to be leaner When a woman has nice shoes, not only does she get compliments from men, but other women will come to her and say â€Å"I love your shoes!Where did you get those â€Å" She may reply back â€Å"these old things? She loves the attention but she will never tell where she got them. II. The Price: According to a survey done with 3000 women by ONEPOLL the average woman will spend over 26,000 on shoes in her lifetime. A. 29 percent of ladies say shoes are the one thing they can’t resist buying, regardless of whether they can afford them. B. Not only do women wear shoes to turn heads of men, but we also buy them to be the center of attention around other women C.You can tell a lot about a woman based off her heels, it can be a sign of â€Å"status. † She may feel expensive by sporting a high priced pair of heels. III. The price we pay with our feet: High heel shoes can have a number of detrimental effects on the feet, some that could result in the need for surgery or lifelong pain A. Bunions B. Corns C. Hammer toe: D. Morton's neuroma E. Pump bump There is nothing wrong with wearing your favorite heels but it should be done in moderation. If you are going to happy hour, please don’t wear your heels to class, work and then happy hour.The effect over years can be very damaging to your body. Conclusion I. Review: a woman in a pair of heels can feel like she is the center of attention. She is sexy and confident; her body looks great and she feels like a diva entering a room. She does not mind paying a high price for her favorite pair of heels, even if they hurt her feet after a few hours. The average woman may spend more than 26 thousand dollars in her life time on shoes alone, but if she is not careful she may be paying to have surgery on her feet as well. II.Closing: There are some safety tips for wearing high heels to keep any damage they may cause to a minimum: Bibliog raphy Innes, Wendy. â€Å"The Effects of Wearing High Heels on the Body. †Ã‚  Symptomfind. com. N. p. , May-June 2012. Web. 27 Feb. 2013 . ;http://www. symptomfind. com/health/effects-of-wearing-high-heels/& gt;. Kelly, Caitlin. â€Å"Women Really Are Shoe-Aholics, Study Shows a And The Problem Is? â€Å"Broadside RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. http://trueslant. com/caitlinkelly/2010/07/23/women-really-are-shoe-aholics-study-shows-and-the-problem-is/

Religious Coursework

Religious Coursework Religious Coursework Religious Coursework Usually algorithm of religious coursework writing includes the following: The choice of religious coursework topics: Creation of the coursework outline. Collecting material for college coursework writing. Writing coursework draft. Making the necessary additions and changes. Final editing before turning in the coursework. Religious coursework writing is a self-study of the student, formulated in the form of a scientific work. Religious coursework writing is an essential part of the educational process. The purpose of college religious coursework is: firstly, to give the student an opportunity to conduct an independent scientific study, to deepen the knowledge of general religious course; secondly, to determine the student's ability to conduct scientific research. Coursework topic should be associated with the program studied at religious course. Topic may be assigned by the adviser as well as proposed by the student. Religious coursework contains the following main parts: introduction, theory, the results, discussion of the results, conclusions, and the recommendation. In the introduction you should, firstly, justify the need of the proposed study and, secondly, explain your interest and the value of selected coursework. It should provide answers to the questions: "What is already known about the problem? Who has already done something to solve the problem? What results were obtained prior to your research? With the help of what methods they were obtained? Clearly show what you are going to investigate, highlight "the main sector" of the issue, and clearly define the goal. Keep in mind that your reader might have a different interpretation of the problem and it is your responsibility to deliver the intended message. Show the methods you will use to solve the problem. Highlight strengths and weaknesses of the used methods, the complexity and difficulties of such coursework writing. Coursework Help Coursework writers should pay attention to style they use for writing coursework. The language of the English courseworkmust to be scientific, not conversational. At the same time, heavy and unusual verbal constructions are unlikely to give greater solidity to your writing. It is needless to recall that the college coursework should be written in accordance to assigned format. Once the coursework is written and turned in to the adviser, the work is not over yet because you would have to deliver a speech to protect your coursework. The procedure doesn;t contain anything terrible, you will have to tell few words about your English coursework (in fact - squeezing from introduction and conclusion). Here, the main thing is confidence, the ability to pick up the most important tings, clearly and concisely express your thoughts. .com We offer you an opportunity to benefit from professional religious coursework writing service at our site. We hire exceptionally experienced and educated writers who are confident in their writing abilities. We guarantee originality and timely delivery. Custom essay writing service is your chance to improve grades. Read also: Nursing School Admission Essay Custom Admission Essay College Entrance Essay Outline Application Essay Admission Essay Writing

Tips to Write a Good Rhetorical Essay

Tips to Write a Good Rhetorical Essay Rhetorical Paper Writing Tips Are you looking for an easy way to start a rhetorical paper and make it brilliant? You are reading the right article. This type of assignment is becoming popular in higher educational establishments especially in colleges. The main idea of the paper is to provide students’ opinion after analyzing specific books, TV programs, works of art, etc. The task looks rather engaging and interesting. The only problem is that a few students really know how to get started to make it work. This is where our writing tips may come in handy. At least, you will have a clear understanding of how to write a rhetorical paper from scratch. What is a rhetorical essay? As it was mentioned above, a rhetorical essay describes a TV show, specific book or article in a special manner. Before you start writing, you need to define your reading audience in order to choose a proper language and writing style. The fundamental components of this essay type include: The Author; The Target Audience; The Message. Always consider the above-mentioned elements before getting started with the rhetorical essay. Now, let’s get closer to the paper itself as well as its structure. The structure of rhetorical essay As well as any other academic paper, rhetorical essay consists of several essential blocks. They are as follows: Introduction with all major points highlighted; Thesis Statement or Logos with evidence to support the main point of your paper; Ethnos to prove the credibility of a chose author; Pathos to review the way author uses his or her emotions. This part also includes the investigation of how the visuals appeal to the paper; The Conclusion to summarize the effect main arguments have on the target audience. To handle the above-mentioned points, you need to establish an in-depth rhetorical analysis using the following instruments: Identify the core argument and sum it up; Break the main argument into smaller pieces; Link those pieces to your thesis statement. A rhetorical essay should be written in a brief and sharp style. Avoid long sentences and make the paper easy to read. Formal language is the best bet for this type of an assignment. Despite all tips, writing this type of essay is extremely hard especially if you deal with it for the first time. Opting for professional academic assistance may be a good solution to the problem. You do not need to waste your time on exploring and researching the information. You get a flawless paper in time at a reasonable price.

Instance Variables in Ruby

Instance Variables in Ruby Instance variables begin with an at sign () and can be referenced only within class methods. They differ from local variables in that they dont exist within any particular scope. Instead, a similar variable table is stored for each instance of a class. Instance variables live within a class instance, so as long as that instance stays alive, so will the instance variables. Instance variables can be referenced in any method of that class. All methods of a class use the same instance variable table, as opposed to local variables where each method will have a different variable table. It is possible to access instance variables without first defining them, however. This will not raise an exception, but the variables value will be nil and a warning will be issued if youve run Ruby with the -w switch. This example demonstrates the use of instance variables. Note that the shebang contains the -w switch, which will print warnings should they occur. Also, note the incorrect usage outside of a method in the class scope. This is incorrect and discussed below. #!/usr/bin/env ruby -wclass TestClass # Incorrect! test monkey def initialize value 1337 end def print_value # OK puts value end def uninitialized # Technically OK, generates warning puts monkey endendt TestClass.newt.print_valuet.uninitialized Why is the test variable incorrect? This has to do with scope and how Ruby implements things. Within a method, the instance variable scope refers to the particular instance of that class. However, in the class scope (inside the class, but outside of any methods), the scope is the class instance scope. Ruby implements the class hierarchy by instantiating Class objects, so there is a second instance at play here. The first instance is an instance of the Class class, and this is where test will go. The second instance is the instantiation of TestClass, and this is where value will go. This gets a bit confusing, but just remember to never use instance_variables outside of methods. If you need class-wide storage, use class_variables, which can be used anywhere in the class scope (inside or outside of methods) and will behave the same. Accessors You normally cannot access instance variables from outside of an object. For instance, in the above example, you cannot simply call t.value or t.value to access the instance variable value. This would break the rules of encapsulation. This also applies to instances of child classes, they cannot access instance variables belonging to the parent class even though theyre technically the same type. So, in order to provide access to instance variables, accessor methods must be declared. The following example demonstrates how accessor methods can be written. However, note that Ruby provides a shortcut and that this example only exists to show you how the accessor methods work. Its generally not common to see accessor methods written in this way unless some sort of additional logic is needed for the accessor. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Student def initialize(name,age) name, age name, age end # Name reader, assume name cant change def name name end # Age reader and writer def age age end def age(age) age age endendalice Student.new(Alice, 17)# Its Alices birthdayalice.age 1puts Happy birthday #{alice.name}, \youre now #{alice.age} years old! The shortcuts make things a bit easier and more compact. There are three of these helper methods. They must be run in the class scope (inside the class but outside of any methods), and will dynamically define methods much like the methods defined in the above example. Theres no magic going on here, and they look like language keywords, but they really are just dynamically defining methods. Also, these accessors typically go at the top of the class. That gives the reader an instant overview of which member variables will be available outside the class or to child classes. There are three of these accessor methods. They each take a list of symbols describing the instance variables to be accessed. attr_reader - Define reader methods, such as the name method in the above example.attr_writer - Define writer methods such as the age method in the above example.attr_accessor - Define both reader and writer methods. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Student attr_reader :name attr_accessor :age def initialize(name,age) name, age name, age endendalice Student.new(Alice, 17)# Its Alices birthdayalice.age 1puts Happy birthday #{alice.name}, \youre now #{alice.age} years old! When to use Instance Variables Now that you know what instance variables are, when do you use them? Instance variables should be used when they represent the state of the object. A students name and age, their grades, etc. They shouldnt be used for temporary storage, thats what local variables are for. However, they could possibly be used for temporary storage between method calls for multi-stage computations. However if youre doing this, you may want to rethink your method composition and make these variables into method parameters instead.

Technological Convergence in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technological Convergence in Business - Essay Example In addition, it can be observed that one of the majority productive benefits that latest technology has provided in interpersonal and e-communication aspects of business department now is definitely the pace of communication among businesses. Since the time required in initiating and getting communication from diverse business units has lessened during the previous few decades. Thus, this thing just confirms that since latest technology progresses, with the pace of the business communication capabilities having great influence on interpersonal communication aspects (Free Articles Directory., 2011). This paper will discuss how key technological events in the last century have changed the way business communication is done by the businesses. Overview During the previous few years, people’s way of communication has altered extremely. Latest technologies which were on the bounds have turned into adamantly a majority. In this e-communication era the development of the internet tech nology has been contrasted with the discovery of the printing-press with respect to its basic affect on how business information is created, utilized and distributed across the world. In addition, this worldwide system and its connected technologies have had an immense influence on business communications, and, next to this, evolutions in the areas of digital imaging technology, digital information processing and storage, and development computerization have expressed again how businesses communicate at every phase of the development (Moukoko, 2011). Moreover, at the moment in this competitive environment every business (regardless of its nature and size) enjoys some type of web based or online existence, offering their clients access to a strong and unlimited client support. Currently, the United Kingdom invests 30 billion yearly on online businesses. In this scenario, e-commerce structures imply that clients are able to buy products and valuable services by clicking a button, and that the company is able to design an impressive performance of client actions. The entire of these technology based evolutions have modernized business communications approximately further than conviction. These capabilities have enhanced interpersonal skills and electric communication in business infrastructure. Furthermore, to improvise business interpersonal skills and e-communication the technology of social networking is possibly the majority modern exhortation within business communications. At the present, companies know that websites similar to Twitter and Facebook are advertising areas they are able use, as well as that they may perhaps as well utilize these websites for networking purposes in addition to clients’ dealings. Thus, due to massive innovations in technology business communications has altered much, and will persist to act as technology develops (Moukoko, 2011). In this era technology looks to be overexcited because of steady developments. Innovative tec hnologies are being introduced continually, as well as the influence this can have upon the field of business communication is immense. Since technology persists to go ahead, it is imperative to appreciate the implication of technology inside the area of business communication. In the business communication technological convergence brought following innovations: (eHow, 2011; McGrath, 2008; Management Study Guide, 2011) Pace Because technology has developed a

The battle of Yarmuk (636) and the arab conquest of syria and palesine Essay

The battle of Yarmuk (636) and the arab conquest of syria and palesine - Essay Example One of the deciding factors of these battles aside from the strategies is the increase in numbers of Muslims that formed alliances with those of their own fates, and also their conquests of nearby regions, stopping the expansion of Christianity towards the Middle East and India, and allowed the Muslims to move westward up to Spain (The Great Islamic Conquests 49). It was believed by historians that if these battles did not happen or if it had other results, the history of the world might have been changed dramatically, since the major contributions of Islam like mathematics and science would be prevented from being spread, and without these two important concepts the beginning of the scientific revolution would be prevented. The Arab Conquests of Syria and Palestine When the Muslims were able to take control of former cities that were previously under Christianity, not only did they expanded their territories, but also removed the fertile lands that the Byzantine Empire relied on (Fo uracre 298). The unification of the bands of Arabs by the Muslim faith has created large and uniform bands that were able to take over territories because of their members having something in common: a strong faith in Muhammad (The Great Islamic Conquests 48). ... This created an opening for the Muslim Army to take over Syria and Palestine, before ultimately fending off the advancing Byzantine army at the Valley of Yarmuk. Around the year 628 A.C.E., the Prophet Muhammad signed a non-aggression pact with the Meccans because he was not yet allowing the Jihad, or Holy War to commence yet. However, due to the need to expand the Islamic faith and to loot the rich countries, some three thousand of his men initiated attacks on the eastern regions of Jordan, and eventually caused them a devastating defeat from the defending Byzantines (Avi-Yonah and Peres 199). Initially this made the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius complacent about the defenses of the Syrian borders, and after a year from being attacked by Muslim Arabs, he created an opening by not paying the tribes that defended this side of the kingdom (Kennedy 143). In addition to the discontent with the Byzantine rulers and religions, the persecutions added to the disinterest of the tribes that were living in the Syrian border, which made these parts vulnerable to either attacks or conversions (Kennedy 147). The Muslim army advanced towards southern Syrian borders, and one of the governors signed a peace treaty with Muhammad, which helped him secure one of the entrances to Syria (Avi-Yonah and Peres 199). After gaining control of Syria around 633-634 A.C.E., the Muslim army then planned on invading Palestine, annexing it and liberating the people from Byzantine rule. The battle lead by Khalid entered Palestine first by invading the northern part in order to control the region without other problems. The Byzantines were taken over by the Muslim soldiers due to the former undermining the capacity of the advancing Muslim army. Aside from the Byzantine Emperor

Individual Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Individual Report - Essay Example And leadership must help the company to maintain its focus and momentum, which will naturally tend to deteriorate over time. Innovation with all its merits also carries some barriers along with it which tries to deteriorate growth. Many of the barriers comes from individuals who don’t believe in the merits of innovation, or those who believe that they wont either get funding or else their own life career might be jeopardized, if innovation fails. It is important for organization’s management to address these problems before venturing in a new project. As it is proposed by Mitch, an innovation consultant,† Real innovators challenge excuses. Real innovators challenge the status quo. They do not concede to current reality. They find a way over, around or through whatever obstacle is in their way - whether that obstacle is the lack of funding or the assumption that there is a lack of funding." Innovation completely rocks and rolls our lifestyle. It creates huge turns in way of life. Our lifestyles are the result of other people’s efforts to improve the human condition. They mixed ideas and inventions together to create the present world around us. Our innovation is going to multi tasked vending machine, vending music, multimedia content such as mp3 files; e-Books, audio books, maps and videos. The booths would be in the places such as airports, train stations and gyms. The booth is called the "mBooth". Here’s how it looks to the user – they walk up to our device and swipe a credit card. If they’ve used it before, they are recognized and their account information comes up. If not, an account is initialized. Either way they next go to a browser that lets them to select the criteria- music, books, audio books, maps. Upon choosing your option, it displays search list for available books or music or map by title, author, genre, etc. It May also have options for displaying their previous purchases through vending

Life after death in Ancient Egypt Research Paper

Life after death in Ancient Egypt - Research Paper Example Admittedly, ancient Egyptians were afraid of death and could only imagine what happened in their afterlives: â€Å"Except in imaginative tales, no one had ever come back to tell of it† (qtd. in Bricker 99). Therefore, ancient Egyptians’ beliefs about life after death deserve special attention. In the first place, it is worth considering ancient Egyptians’ attitude towards death. On one hand, people were afraid of death. Many written works suggest that people regarded it as â€Å"an enemy from which there was no escape, regardless of all preparations† (Hodel-Hoenes and Warburton 26). Everyone, be it a pharaoh or a poor, eventually dies. Thus, death was also regarded as something inevitable. This was, perhaps, one of the reasons why ancient Egyptians respected it so much. There was even The Book of the Dead which was a guideline that depicted all necessary operations to enable diseased to enter the other world and start their afterlife (Hodel-Hoenes and Warb urton 25). The book was concerned â€Å"with practical help and magical assistance for the hereafter†; it was not a simple description (Hornung and Lorton 17). Death was regarded as a turning point where people transformed and began their existence in a new form in another world. It is important to point out that ancient Egyptians’ ideas about the form of the afterlife are quite complex. Thus, there is no certain word in the ancient Egyptian language which reveals the idea of the â€Å"modern concept of soul† (Pinch 147). In ancient times Egyptians believed that â€Å"several components† of a person usually survived death (Pinch 147). The major component was the ka, â€Å"a person’s vital force† which was usually depicted as â€Å"a double† and dying was described as â€Å"joining your ka† (Pinch 147). The ka was closely connected with human body, and mummification was aimed at preserving one’s body for the ka to return to the body â€Å"for a more complete union† (Pinch 147). Mummification is worth special attention since it was essential for â€Å"successful† afterlife. Cunningham and Reich claim that mummification is a reflection of â€Å"the most striking aspect of Egyptian religious thought†, i.e. â€Å"its obsession with immortality† (11). However, James Henry Breasted found quite an interesting explanation for the existence of such beliefs and â€Å"popularity† of mummification. He claims This insistent belief in a hereafter may perhaps have been †¦ greatly favored and influenced by the fact that the conditions of soil and climate resulted in such a remarkable preservation of the human body as may be found under natural conditions nowhere else in the world. (Breasted 49) Thus, the nature itself influenced the beliefs of ancient Egyptians who worked out certain techniques to preserve human body. It goes without saying that elite had more elaborate funer al than poor people did. However, it is important to note that all people were to be buried in accordance with the necessary rituals. More so, there was even a law concerning people dying in the Nile. According to this law all people, irrespective of their social status and wealth, be it an Egyptian or a foreigner, who died in the Nile (even if the person was unidentified) should be buried â€Å"by the inhabitants of the city† and all the necessary rituals should be carried out (Chan et al. 2032). This precision is due to the beliefs that deceased who

How Reading one Composition Affects the Reading of Another Essay

How Reading one Composition Affects the Reading of Another - Essay Example Jones argues vehemently on behalf of women and their health while Franke-Ruta not only disregards this aspect but mocks those who actively protest the manner in which women are treated and objectified through unattainable expectations, in the fashion industry. In Jone’s essay, she briefly explains that she herself worked in the fashion industry but had always felt strongly about ultra-thin women being the ideal portrayed. She found herself at a fashion show on one particular occasion amidst waif thin teenagers and quickly made the decision to discontinue her work as a fashion editor, â€Å"My decision to quit was partly precipitated by the failure of a campaign I started a year ago to encourage magazines, designers,  and advertisers to use models with more realistic, representative body images. Then I could not have anticipated the extraordinarily hostile reaction to my fairly innocuous suggestions from fellow editors and designers† (Jones, 2008). Jones had attended a summit on women’s issues and had the opportunity to hear from some of her magazine’s readers. These young readers of all shapes and sizes expressed how detrimental the ideals set forth in fashion magazines had adversely affected their lives. Jones is moved by the words of these young women as she so strongly feels that the fashion industry berates women, promotes unrealistic body types and essentially works against what women have been working toward for so long such as equality and the right to not be objectified. Reading Jone’s accounts from the fashion world as well as the opposition she faced by most of her collogues, when attempting a campaign to include more â€Å"normal† female body types as models instead of virtual skeletons as a norm, would invite anyone to feel compelled to rally alongside her. Following the reading of Jone’s piece with the article by Franke-Ruta entitled The Natural Body Myth, would possibly compel anyone not completely chauvinistic, to be repulsed by Franke-Ruta’s words, â€Å"Such a critique, which we hear over and over today, is based on a conceptual error. The beauty industry is not the problem; it is a part of the solution.

Athletes being role models Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Athletes being role models - Research Paper Example At that time, the existing definition of role models was â€Å"someone who demonstrates the appropriate behavior for a specific role or relationship with another person† (Gauntlett 226). Though this description is not complete For example, David Beckham might inspire someone who is not necessarily interested in being a football player. Therefore, a more comprehensive definition of a role model would be someone who tends to inspire and motivate people. Role models edify observers how to behave as well as inspire others to learn how to behave in certain situations. In another study conducted, adolescents and children are drawn to role models not only because of their skills and capabilities but also because they see potential in them. Sports form an essential part of entertainment and recreation for most people; many of them follow sports religiously and regard athletes as icons. Supporting a team and hoping for it to win becomes a personal cause. In consideration of the profound influence that sports have on the minds of the people, it is often debated whether athletes serve to be good role models or not. Keeping the definition of role models in mind and the impact they have on the psychology of the people, this paper attempts to explore and provide arguments for if athletes make good role models or not. In my opinion, athletes do not make very good role models. I have seen people follow athletes blindly, not thinking whether the attitude of the athletes is justified or not. If the athlete is involved in wrong acts, many people, especially children, tend to follow the athlete. This argument is supported by many people. Athletes have indulged in the illegal use of steroids in order to boast their performance; exc essive use of drugs has also led to the deaths of notable sports stars. Where sports and athletes have become a major part of the American life, it is not justified to treat drugs and other misdemeanors

Life after death in Ancient Egypt Research Paper

Life after death in Ancient Egypt - Research Paper Example Admittedly, ancient Egyptians were afraid of death and could only imagine what happened in their afterlives: â€Å"Except in imaginative tales, no one had ever come back to tell of it† (qtd. in Bricker 99). Therefore, ancient Egyptians’ beliefs about life after death deserve special attention. In the first place, it is worth considering ancient Egyptians’ attitude towards death. On one hand, people were afraid of death. Many written works suggest that people regarded it as â€Å"an enemy from which there was no escape, regardless of all preparations† (Hodel-Hoenes and Warburton 26). Everyone, be it a pharaoh or a poor, eventually dies. Thus, death was also regarded as something inevitable. This was, perhaps, one of the reasons why ancient Egyptians respected it so much. There was even The Book of the Dead which was a guideline that depicted all necessary operations to enable diseased to enter the other world and start their afterlife (Hodel-Hoenes and Warb urton 25). The book was concerned â€Å"with practical help and magical assistance for the hereafter†; it was not a simple description (Hornung and Lorton 17). Death was regarded as a turning point where people transformed and began their existence in a new form in another world. It is important to point out that ancient Egyptians’ ideas about the form of the afterlife are quite complex. Thus, there is no certain word in the ancient Egyptian language which reveals the idea of the â€Å"modern concept of soul† (Pinch 147). In ancient times Egyptians believed that â€Å"several components† of a person usually survived death (Pinch 147). The major component was the ka, â€Å"a person’s vital force† which was usually depicted as â€Å"a double† and dying was described as â€Å"joining your ka† (Pinch 147). The ka was closely connected with human body, and mummification was aimed at preserving one’s body for the ka to return to the body â€Å"for a more complete union† (Pinch 147). Mummification is worth special attention since it was essential for â€Å"successful† afterlife. Cunningham and Reich claim that mummification is a reflection of â€Å"the most striking aspect of Egyptian religious thought†, i.e. â€Å"its obsession with immortality† (11). However, James Henry Breasted found quite an interesting explanation for the existence of such beliefs and â€Å"popularity† of mummification. He claims This insistent belief in a hereafter may perhaps have been †¦ greatly favored and influenced by the fact that the conditions of soil and climate resulted in such a remarkable preservation of the human body as may be found under natural conditions nowhere else in the world. (Breasted 49) Thus, the nature itself influenced the beliefs of ancient Egyptians who worked out certain techniques to preserve human body. It goes without saying that elite had more elaborate funer al than poor people did. However, it is important to note that all people were to be buried in accordance with the necessary rituals. More so, there was even a law concerning people dying in the Nile. According to this law all people, irrespective of their social status and wealth, be it an Egyptian or a foreigner, who died in the Nile (even if the person was unidentified) should be buried â€Å"by the inhabitants of the city† and all the necessary rituals should be carried out (Chan et al. 2032). This precision is due to the beliefs that deceased who

Athletes being role models Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Athletes being role models - Research Paper Example At that time, the existing definition of role models was â€Å"someone who demonstrates the appropriate behavior for a specific role or relationship with another person† (Gauntlett 226). Though this description is not complete For example, David Beckham might inspire someone who is not necessarily interested in being a football player. Therefore, a more comprehensive definition of a role model would be someone who tends to inspire and motivate people. Role models edify observers how to behave as well as inspire others to learn how to behave in certain situations. In another study conducted, adolescents and children are drawn to role models not only because of their skills and capabilities but also because they see potential in them. Sports form an essential part of entertainment and recreation for most people; many of them follow sports religiously and regard athletes as icons. Supporting a team and hoping for it to win becomes a personal cause. In consideration of the profound influence that sports have on the minds of the people, it is often debated whether athletes serve to be good role models or not. Keeping the definition of role models in mind and the impact they have on the psychology of the people, this paper attempts to explore and provide arguments for if athletes make good role models or not. In my opinion, athletes do not make very good role models. I have seen people follow athletes blindly, not thinking whether the attitude of the athletes is justified or not. If the athlete is involved in wrong acts, many people, especially children, tend to follow the athlete. This argument is supported by many people. Athletes have indulged in the illegal use of steroids in order to boast their performance; exc essive use of drugs has also led to the deaths of notable sports stars. Where sports and athletes have become a major part of the American life, it is not justified to treat drugs and other misdemeanors

Poetic form meter Essay Example for Free

Poetic form meter Essay Exploring how Allen Curnow portrays the search for inspiration in Continuum In the poem ‘Continuum’ by Allen Curnow, he tells us about his lack of inspiration. The theme of the poem revolves around poetic inspiration, and how he is unable to get inspiration. Allen Curnow uses a variety of stylistic devices to portray this. The title, â€Å"Continuum†, shows us that the problem Allen Curnow talks about, his lack of inspiration, is never ending and is continuing all the time, i.e., it is continuous. The first stanza signifies the first stage of poetic inspiration and also shows us Curnow’s unstable thoughts; â€Å"the roof falls behind†, as he is unable to compose poetry he is in a sense, rolling and falling all over the place so to speak. In the first line, the word â€Å"moon† is used as an image: a symbol for Curnow. As the moon is unable to shine on its own (it has to draw its light and energy from the sun), just like that Curnow depends on his writing to keep him going in life. The first stanza also tells the reader about the setting and time of the poem which is at night. The moon also evokes images of loneliness and a solitary state in that it is the only bright object in the night sky just like Curnow is the only (and therefore lonely) person awake at night. The poem has no definite rhyme scheme, suggesting to us that the poet is finding it difficult to express his thoughts, and he cannot tap into the world of imagination. The last line of the first stanza; â€Å"I am talking about myself.† Is a clear statement of his frustration and his inability to write. In the next stanza, Curnow is seeking connection with nature to find poetic inspiration. The line, â€Å"It’s not possible to get off to sleep†, tells the reader that the poet is unable to sleep which shows that something is troubling him. He tries to convey that it’s as tough to get rid of his thoughts as it is to get rid off the planet. Curnow goes out â€Å"barefoot†, to rid himself of the human material and wants to connect with nature†¦.

A Review On Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Information Technology Essay

A Review On Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Information Technology Essay INTRODUCTION An enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems is that they integrate across functions to create a single, unified system rather than a group of separate, insular applications. As ERP system is providing optimal solutions and strong control over the company operations, every business is looking forward for this adoption. Since currently available ERP softwares are charging at higher level of licencing and supporting costs, businesses are in the necessity of finding an open source alternative. This document provides the feasible open source alternative option to the current market leader in the proprietary ERP SAP ECC. Open Source ERP Systems: The following are the popular open source ERP systems available in the latest market. Though there are many number of open sources are available like Opentaps, Ofbiz, ERP5, and so on here only considered few which are moderately fulfil business requirements in compare with SAP solutions. Adempiere This is one of the major ERP leaders in the open source technologies and has been resulted most successful in small and medium industry users mainly in Retail, Trading, Manufacturing and service sectors. [Adempiere Release Manual]. This is highly motivated and active community based software and is in the top 5 positions according to sourceforge.net. Compiere In the current era, Compiere is the most popular open source ERP+CRM application. It is a comprehensive solution for SMEs. This provides solutions in Distribution, Retail, Manufacturing and Service industries with highly adaptable and easy to use enterprise class applications. In ERP, first time Compiere started revolutionary design through which applications are enabled with easy customization and extension without any programing. Openbravo This is more commercial oriented open source ERP. ERP solution provides a robust application which integrates distribution, inventory, E-commerce, accounting and point of sale workflows. This has been received continuously best open source awards in 2009 and 2010 from Infoworld and many more recognitions from various Organizations. It is developed in java and oracle, postgres SQL databases can be used. OpenERP(Farmer TinyERP) This is comprehensive suite for all operations of an Enterprise. It follows the modular approach which helps customer to initiate one application and then add others as they go. This is designed through a famous 3 tier MVC architecture. Written in Python and Database is PostgreSQL. Clients are required to install flash components in their web browser to access. OpenPro OpenPro is a leader in licensed Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software using open source technology and also this is the first web based ERP software started on demand in the market since 1988. This software designed as a platform independent and is written in open source php. Over the years, Software has shown continuous improvements by providing advanced features along with application stabilization. This is recognized as best suited for the larger businesses. Open Source ERP Pros and Cons The following are the advantages and disadvantages of above open source alternatives. ADempiere Advantages: Architecture Model driven Architecture Active data dictionary reducing 80% coding work in customization Browser/Server + Client/Server Database independent : PostgresSQL/Oracle/ (MySQL) Function Structure Provides ERP, CRM, POS. Manufacture module Multi Organization, Multi currency, Multi accounting, Internationalization Market Top 5 in SourceForge.net. Existing customer / user base. Rich practice in real business environment, rather than a guinea pig in the library. Community Highly motivated and active. Global support. Disadvantages: Community No formal political structure to make decisions. No specified road map. Lack of sufficient funding, cant afford core developers. Market Not very well-known to the general public. Customer / user base is small compared to SAP. Implementation Not simple enough for quick implementation which is important for small-sized enterprise. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is shifted from licensing costs to lack of expertise local support in some countries. Compiere Advantages Multi company and complex corporate hierarchy support Multi currency and multi language support Delivers fully integrated ERP product with complex warehouse management processing and etc. Rich internet applications by using ajax integration and this delivers functionality, usability, responsiveness and personalization through a Web browser The system uses a centralized and active application dictionary to store meta-data and rules to managing custom solutions Easy upgrades without programming which sustains the customer customization through upgrade tool Provides complete application level security Vendor independent Stable and well tested No information hiding , full transparency of coding by open source Extraordinary wide reach, no starting costs Model driven architecture, Application directory is available Any sql database is supported Disadvantages Not currently complete opensource, since the choice of Oracle database. Based on thick client Java Swing GNU licence needs derivative work to be returned. OpenBravo Advantages Easy integration with other applications since it supports REST and SOAP services. Provides training, support, consulting, outsourcing options to partners and clients at lower costs means lower total cost of Ownership. Web based ERP Revolutionary architecture Unique combination of MVC and MDD, innovative approach to build and maintain software coding. Scalability Openbravo can scale irrespective of the size and sector of the company Easy installation and No vendor/supplier lock in Modularity without any maintenance issues application can be easily extended. Disadvantages Even an ordinary person can write a PHT client class for REST service. This leads to security issues and shows the doubt on code reliability Currently at lower Support and maintenance cost, future is not guaranteed since OpenBravo is commercial focused. Loose coupling between database integration in coding perspective. OpenERP (Farmer TinyERP) Advantages It has majority of all other application advantages. Modular structure helps to easy adoption of new applications Certain customization can be done through web browser in online SAAS services are available Very small footprint, windows installer of just 85MB, installation will done in minutes time. Ease of use Advanced technology usage Very Innovating software double entry management in inventory control Internationalization 72% scored from Independent experts group evaluation in Open source erp softwares. Disadvantages OpenPro Advantages Applicable for all sizes of businesses Written on open source PHP First web based software, mature , reliable and faster Since web based, clients or users or sales representatives can access system from anywhere remotely through a web. No maintenance cost Shorter implementation time Disadvantages No frequent updates for open source whereas available for OpenPro commercial products. No support at free of cost. Need to pay More commercial oriented rather than open source. Evaluation of Open Source ERP System Functional Fit Flexibility Support Continuity Maturity Customization Flexibile upgrades Internationalization User Friendliness Architecture Scalability Security Interfaces Operating System Independence Database Independence Programming language Support infrastructure Training Documentation Project structure Community activity Transperancy Update frequency Other lock in effects Development status Reference sites In order to select the best open source alternative hierarchically structured criteria has been chosen. All open source alternatives information has been categorized into 5 groups and compared with each of other along with the need of company requirements. The following comparison table gives the clear picture of selected ERP system. ERP System Implementation Strategy Implementation is the key process for which company needs to identify a strategic approach. As per Guido Capaldo Study, proved that a planned oriented approach is required for estimating the capabilities that firms should have in order to select the more appropriate implementation strategy. Implementation process divided into 5 phases for smooth execution. Each phase has its own deadline to successful completion. Phase 1: Strategic Planning Project Team: Forming a project team with first line employees from each department and senior management. SMART objectives will be prepared for entire team and team members will be assigned with specific task. Activity tracker will be designed to track each activity such as timelines, training plan formulation, objective finalising. Examine current business processes: Team should examine their individual department business processes whether they are ready to automate or to identify any gaps which need to be fulfilled. Set Objectives: Clearly defined objectives needs to be set. Since implementation is a major task, setting S.M.A.R.T objectives are more crucial. In order to define an objective, team should be able to understand the scope of the business. Develop a project plan: Team should develop a project plan with the clearly defined objectives, timelines, and training procedures with each team member individual responsibilities stated. Result of this, all team members todo list will be clearly defined. Phase 2: Procedure review Review Software Capabilities Train on each and every aspect of OpenERP software. Project team dedicatedly review the software capabilities. Ensure that there are no any technical gaps. Identify manual processes Project team should identify the manual processes for automation and also documented well for the rollout steps. Develop standard operating procedures This is one of the critical success factors for smooth implementation of an ERP. Every aspect of the business needs to be well documented as per SOPs. Ensure that properly updated when SOP changes. Phase 3: Data Collection and Clean up Convert Data Identify the data which needs to be converted Collect new Data Review all data input Cleanup data Phase 4: Training and Testing Pre-test the database Verify Testing Train the trainer Perform final testing Phase 5: Go live and Evaluation Develop final go live checklist Evaluate the solution

Irony in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay -- Shirley Jackson The L

Irony in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† is full of irony. Shirley Jackson most likely intended to use this amount of irony to make the over all story funny in its twisted theme. Each layer of irony used, prepared the reader to have the most dramatic reaction to the last and final blow that wrapped the whole story up. I would say the most major and obvious type of irony used here was situational irony. Jackson knew that what most peoples’ impression of the lottery is winning money or something good. She played on that and turned it into something completely opposite. Giving her story kick and uniqueness. However, there was other more minor but essential situational ironies that lead up to the finale. One of these was Tessie Hutchinson. She had the...

Position Paper on Amr Moussa :: Essays Papers

Position Paper on Amr Moussa I am Amr Moussa. I am currently Secretary General of the League of Arab States. Time magazine has described me as â€Å"being the most adored public servant in the Arab world.† A U.S. war against Iraq would â€Å"open the gates of hell in the Middle East.† (On-line Pravda, 2002; 1) I have declared that the Arab League is in favor of the â€Å"total implementations† of the UN Security Council resolutions. I have urged to allow the U.N. weapons inspectors to resume with their searches in Iraq, in a bid to head off a U.S. attack. Since the United States has accused Iraq of trying to develop nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons in violation of U.N. resolutions dating back to the 1991 Persian Gulf War. (Middle East Information Center, 2002; 1) I have stated â€Å"An action against Iraq, with the general opposition of the world, I believe would lead to serious repercussions in this region and perhaps beyond.† (Middle East Information Center, 2002; 1) Along with myself, the Arab world has said that they will not stand for any attack on Iraq as an extension of the U.S. â€Å"war on terrorism.† Washington has stated that such Arab countries, Sudan, Libya, Iraq, and Syria are potential supporters of terrorism. (People’s Daily, 2001; 2) I am against any attack on Iraq or any Arab country for that matter. â€Å"Launching military action against any Arab state would spell the end of consensus in the international alliance against terrorism.† (People’s Daily, Arab League Warns Against Attacking Iraq, 2001; 1) No matter what the comments of president Bush, my standpoint will not be changed. If an attack from the United States on Iraq were to occur, I believe that it would â€Å"lead to destabilizing protest among ordinary Arabs already angry at the United States for its perceived bias in favor of Israel in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.† (Fox News, Arab States Declare Allegiance to Iraq, 2002; 1) Since the United States is backed by Britain, it has said that it wants a â€Å"regime changed† in Baghdad. Even though the U.S. has not decided if it will use military force in Iraq, the Arab League will not tolerate any excessive force, or any force for that matter in Iraq.

Brazil and India Essay

Since mid 1970s, East Asia and Latin America with specific references to India and Brazil respectively have recorded tremendous growth in their Human Development Index score. It is only the African continent that has lagged behind in issues of social justice, development and globalization due to poor governance, overdependence on donor support and the low life expectancy due to the effect of HIV/AIDS. A considerable growth of India in terms of globalization and improved economy has been noted in the last two decades. By 1900, the United States had become a member of the economic core, while Brazil remained mired in the semi-periphery (DeWitt, pp. 4-10). Factors of consideration in the measurement of human development of a particular nation that include life expectancy, adult literacy and the purchasing power parity (PPT) indicate that these two nations have moved a notch higher on the HDI scale. These nations have also noted a considerable improvement in other matters such as gender equality, respect for human rights and political and social freedoms. According to Human Development Report, the Human Development Index for India is 0. 169. This gives the country a rank of 128th out of 177 with data. This indicates that India has recorded positive changes in its HDI ranking. A deeper examination of important issues related to the well being of people such as income gives a better understanding on how a country’s level of development can be tracked. Relations between Brazil and India seem to be blooming recently, favored by a mix of domestic and international developments. Together with an expanded terrain of common interests in multilateral political and economic matters, both countries share the trend of perceiving bilateralism as a stimulating and useful learning process (Mo’nica, pp. 143-164). India and Brazil can no longer qualify to be graded as developing nations. Gender issues in India that involve deeper understanding of the dissimilarities between different sexes, male and female reveal an improved overall rating. The allocation of natural resources, job opportunities and responsibilities provide an indication on how incentives and rewards are given in relation to gender. The existences of institutions that champion for gender equality have recorded improved achievements in their goals. India has taken much consideration on special and practical needs of women. The constitutions of India and Brazil have gender and equality in their introductory statements and further enshrined in the different sections of the constitutions. Further constitutional amendments and reforms have been undertaken in the years to level the playing field in terms of available opportunities for both sexes. The ratification of a number of international conventions and human rights aimed at appreciating the role of women in society indicate India’s record in matters of social justice. A good example is the ratification of the 1993 convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination against women. Furthermore, the number of women in India joining panchayats has been growing by the year. The 1993 constitutional amendment that requires that a third of those elected to the local governing authorities be women is a clear indication that India has taken gender issues seriously. National policy on women empowerment in 2001 is specifically geared towards empowering women from the grassroots level. 2. 0 Brazil and India: Developed or developing? 2. 1 India as a Developed Nation The Indian economy has always been on the upward surge and the reality that it is a part of the developed world cannot be brushed aside. Indian economy has recorded a 6-7 per cent growth and in the last three years achieved an average growth rate of 8 per cent (Mo’nica, pp. 101-145). Further increase in these figures is very possible considering that India still has opportunities for the improvement in its infrastructure, agriculture and the service industry. It is projected that if this trend continues or accelerated further, India is capable of doubling its GDP within the next 10 years. Globalization Immense improvement in trade systems and the measure of inflow of capital are to the benefit of India. The concept of globalization that has made trade easier and led to the â€Å"death of distance† has contributed significantly to trade, immigration and development issues in India. The dynamics of a global economy is being reshaped by the economic emergence of two Asian giants, China and India. How the world’s two most populous countries manage globalization as they pursue economic reform and liberalization will impact significantly their societies, the rest of Asia, and the world (Kelly, Rajan and Goh, pp. 10-15). While factors of endowments such as land, capital and labor were used as yardsticks for measuring the strength of countries and economy, today globalization has brought about other important factors such as political and institutional reforms. The determination of the country’s income flow is predominantly based on the demand of its products, services and natural resources by other countries. India has grabbed this window of trade opportunity by reforming its industrial sector and coming up with products and services that are demanded all over the globe. Increased business activities have led to the modernization of India’s ports, airports and railway system. Such infrastructural development has contributed to the improved Human Development Index thus making India a member club of the developed nations. The drastic shift from production of labor intensive crops to primary commodities has made India an ideal example of an industrialized nation. Furthermore the utilization of the service sector that includes transport, banking, construction, public administration and security and radical reforms contributed significantly to its higher standings. The advancement in the information and communication technology sector and constitutional freedoms to access to information have facilitated a robust and informed elite of businessmen and businesswomen from India with knowledge on the understanding of world’s economy and global trade. The availability of skilled labor in the human resource sector of an economy is a determinant on the level of a country’s overall growth in the knowledge-based sector service. This sector is one of the most essential as globalization and its aspects demands constant supply of professional and technical services for the various segments of the economy. India is a global leader in the supply of this crucial sector of development and is at the top position for global consultations and migration of physicians and medical personnel to other parts of the world including the United States and the United Kingdom. India has extensively made use of the decrease in price tariffs in the transport and communication sector due to globalization. The development of the containerization has made the world a global village and thus distances do not matter. The use of internet and cheap telephone calls has furthermore simplified trade deals. India has effectively made use of these sectors thereby maximizing the advantages that come along with them. Furthermore, grading India as a developing nation is failing to live with the reality that development in human index is based on many factors that change from time to time and may then take a long period to discover. India has had a long walk in this area and as such has recorded big advancement in its sectors of economy making it one of the giant economies in Asia. Globalization has thus contributed not only to the economy but also to the service sector. Understanding that a country does not have to rely on the productions of cheap products to record growth and that related products such as productions of flash-disks or hard-disk drives for use in computers manufactured in another country can create a significant shift from the traditional forms of trade beliefs. Advantages taken in skills to adapt to changes in the global trade has cushioned India from the adverse effects of shifting and constantly insecure changes in the major world economy. Managerial competence and technical know-how have been used in India to advance its service sector of the economy. Measures regarding the integration of Asian financial market and further trade and regional cooperation are likely to work the advantage of India’s economy and its improvement on human development index standings. Social Justice Health indicators show that India has almost achieved the effort of completely bringing polio to eradication due to reforms in its health sector. Free information and drug dispensing has contributed to sharp decline in Tuberculosis and the provision of generic drugs from its pharmaceutical industries has helped keep the prevalence of HIV/AIDS to below one percent. The efficient management of programs such as the National Aids Control Programs revised, National Tuberculosis program and the National Polio Eradication Program have given more support to efforts directed at controlling the adverse effects of these diseases. Sub-Saharan Africa has suffered massively due to the effects of HIV/AIDS and thus has a long way before joining the club of developed nations. Furthermore, India has made remarkable inroads towards the achievement of a universal primary education program. The 2001 Sarva Shirksha Abhiyan (SSA) elementary education program by the education sector has made access to school by the poor record commendable improvement. The emissions of greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide (CO2) have made the world to rethink and provide tangible solutions to save the future generations. India and its industry contribute to 4. 6% of global emission – an average of 1. 2 tones of carbon dioxide per person. This is a testimony that India is an industrialized nation and thus a contributor to world toxic carbons. However, India is signatory and has gone ahead to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. This provides an indicator on its position as an economic giant and its concern for the environment and the future generations. Its readiness to cut back its emissions shows a fully informed nation prepared to change its industry sector and adopt safer systems of manufacturing and engaging in industrial activities that pollute the atmosphere. The birth of India as a secular nation was realized in 1947 with the divisions of two of its large lands into an Islamic nation, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The eastern part of India always referred to as East Pakistan later became to be known as Bangladesh. Freedom of religion is deeply enshrined in its contribution and its preamble describes India as a secular nation. The top government officials of India are composed of individuals with different religion backgrounds. It has had an instance of a Hindu president, a Sikh prime minister, a Christian leader of congress party a defense minister who is a catholic and a Muslim vice president. This shows that India has attained a level in which leadership positions do not take care of religious background but integration of these different religious achieved by the realization of a common state. Religious tolerance and the freedom to equally exercise religion publicly is an indicator on the level of democracy. 2. 2 Brazil as a Developed Nation The democratization process in Brazil has accelerated so fast. Politically Brazil is emerging as a centre for democracy after year of military dictatorships associated with violations of human rights and denial of political freedoms. The election of a civilian president through the electoral vote system formed a foundation for the beginning of democratization process (Hanashiro, pp. 103- 105). Furthermore, Brazil has excellent relationships with other countries all over the world and does not involve itself in actions that undermine the sovereignty of other institutions. Its is today considered one of the pillars of democracy in Latin America and an invitation to join the Group eight most industrialized and developed nations is an indicator as to the confidence other countries bestow on Brazil in terms of its governance records, social justice, development index and other related factors. The civil society in Brazil is a vibrant sector that keeps the government in tracks on matters related to human rights and justice. While there have cases in which human rights abuse have been recorded, the rate at which this improvement has taken place must be appreciated. With a staggering population of over 140 million people, the authorities must face serious challenges of dealing with crime and providing measures that limit excess use of force in dealing with radical elements. Brazil has had significant improvement in the creation of political space. The existence of different political parties and organizations championing for political space or freedom is a clear indicator that serious changes have taken place. The constitution of Brazil has democracy issues in its pre-amble and further defines the importance of democratic space, freedom of association and achievement of full potential and happiness in its contents. Protection of citizens and individuals regardless of their political associations is a further indicator of its commitment to being not only a politically stable country but also a nation that upholds the rule of law and justice to all its populace. Brazil is a major player in the production of many products. Through its manufacturing industries, Brazil produces automobiles, computers, aircrafts and boasts of a nuclear reactor. Development structures are ever on the increase and a standing example is the solution of the problem of acute shortage of petrol globally between 1973 and 1980. It achieved a commendable success by switching from the conventional and traditional use of petroleum to the use of renewable source of energy for its automobile industry. It does has recorded a major contribution towards cutting down of green gases and carbon dioxide (CO2) because of the use of sugar and alcohol to drive these domestically manufactured hybrid cars and automobiles. This success in alternative energy development means that Brazil’s economy can move forward even in cases of acute shortage of petroleum and its products. The development of the aerospace industry is another boost for the development of Brazil as a developed nation. It is a manufacturer of aircrafts and spare parts of these machines that are then sold to more than 40 countries worldwide today. These aircrafts meets the international standards of air safety and come at competitive prices in comparison to those manufactured in Europe. The construction industry in Brazil is recognized worldwide and notably in Latin America with contracts in Africa and Asia. Construction of dams, expansion of the road network, building of houses, airports and ports are carried out by engineers and professionals trained in Brazil and by construction firms registered and chartered by the Brazilians themselves. They can still explore the impact of five policy areas on employment creation: macroeconomic policy, trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, labor market regulations and policies, and social dialogue (Auer and Ernst, pp. 223-239). Furthermore, development in other sectors of the economy is likely to take place as there is still a big opportunity for development. The existence of a sophisticated information communication and technology is a clear sign of its thirst for a faster achievement of its development goals by the application of modern methods. Brazil boosts of an excellent system of communication where all people have the freedom of access to information and as such is a pillar of development in Latin America. Trade with other nations has gone high since 1990 due to production of quality products that creates demand thereby promoting the local based industries. The quick application and encouragement of use of modern methods of transport and communication has accelerated the speed at which Brazil can be said to be globalized. Tourism in Brazil has overtaken many tourist destinations and countries all over the world. In Latin American, Brazil has the best tourist sports such as beautiful beaches of Rio de Janeiro, the eastern ports of Fortaleza and its all the year summer attract tourists from all over the globe. Presence of the Iguacu Falls at the boarder with Argentina offers a unique and spectacular view that cannot be compared to any spot in the world. The constitution of Brazil further provides for the respect of religion practice and upholds the freedom of religion. There are no double standards in cases of religion and all citizens irrespective of their religion affiliations are considered equal. Its laws go further in prohibiting all forms of discrimination based on religion. It is one of the religious democratic countries that do not demand registration of a religious group. In the recent two centuries, there have never been open reports of arrests and detention of religious leaders or stakeholders. 3. 0 Conclusion Economic achievements of India and Brazil for the past three decades qualify them to join the club of developed nations. Respect for human rights, rule of law and order, industrialization, research in fields of health and information and communication technology confirm this statement. Further achievement in the provision of universal primary education, gender equality and availability of job opportunities are further indicators. The invitation of these two nations together with Japan and Germany attest further proof to the confidence of the world in the institutions and governance. Brazil and India thus qualify to be developed nations. References: Auer, P. and Ernst, C. , Meeting the Employment Challenge: Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico in the Global Economy. ISBN 9221179478, 9789221179474, International Labor Organization, pp. 4-6 (2006) DeWitt, J. , Early globalization and the Economic Development of the United States and Brazil. ISBN 0275971996, 9780275971991, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. Hanashiro, O. , Democratizing State and Civil Society in Brazil. 43 (3), pp. 103-105, (2000) Kelly, D. A. , Rajan, R. S. and Goh, G. H. L. , Managing globalization: lessons from China and India: inaugural conference of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. ISBN 9812564942, 9789812564948, Published by World Scientific, (2006) Mo’nica, H. , Brazil–India Relations, South Asian Survey, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 143-164 (2008)