Analysis Of The Poem Langston Hughes - 1451 Words

Seth Kuno Mrs. Goddard Accelerated English 10 16 May 2017 Langston Hughes The â€Å"Poet Laureate of Harlem† as they called him was a very influential writer during the Harlem Renaissance (DISCovering Multicultural America, par. 2). He showed what life was like from his eyes and hoped that racial prejudice would stop once people understood what life was like for him. This is the story of Langston Hughes, who stood up for what he believed in and always fought for African American rights. Langston Hughes was an author during the Harlem Renaissance and he believed very strongly that African American people were not treated right, so he chose to write about racism and equal opportunities. James Mercer Langston Hughes was born on February 1st, 1902†¦show more content†¦She got him reading books and put a lot of emphasis on getting an education so this got him interested in poems and other literature. Then in the 1930s Hughes went to the Soviet Union and he just loved their government and how Joseph Stalin was running it so when he came back he wrote about politics (EXPLORING Poetry, par. 1). So once he was into writing all he needed now was events to write about. Hughes’ main themes to write about were racism and prejudice towards African Americans in urban areas. He did a very good job of showing the racism that occurred in the everyday lives of this group of people. He combined those themes with a swing style of poems. He was one of the first black writers to use informal language and a blues rhythm with a jazzy sound to it (DISCovering Multicultural America, par. 2). Hughes wrote during the Harlem Renaissance and this period of time was a very important in the lives of African Americans around the nation. Since he was one of the first to be writing about these topics during this time, he was very well known to the African American communities and they could relate very well to his style of writing (St. James Encyclopedia, par. 1). One thing people could relate to the most was a character that Hughes made in his newspaper columns. This character’s name was Jesse B. Semple and everyone knew him as, Simple. He wasShow MoreRelatedPoem Analysis : Langston Hughes Poem1258 Words   |  6 Pages Research Paper and Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Mother To Son† is a twenty line poem that seems to be from the perspective of a prudent mother that is giving her son, and possibly the readers, some helpful and supportive advice, telling them that, no matter how many adversities they may face, they can not give up. I believe that this is the main theme of the poem, perseverance. â€Å"So, boy, don’t you turn back./ Don’t you set down on the steps./ ‘Cause youRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dream By Langston Hughes1909 Words   |  8 Pagesof each poem are very similar, but yet are different in their own unique way as well. The two pomes are about dreams, the first poem, Dream is about what could possibly happen if we let go of our dreams and don t purse them. The second poem, Harlem is about the possibilities of what could happen when we postpone our dreams. Both poems do not exactly end with a happy ending, for they show the regret that we will be left with, possibly even death. The poem Dream by Langston Hughes is aboutRead MoreLangston Hughes Poems Analysis1077 Words   |  5 PagesThe Never-Ending Fight for Freedom in America Langston Hughes was born during a time of blatant racism and discrimination. He was a voice for black America in the 1920s, and his poems have endured with a never-ending passion for justice and racial equality. His poems have a strong positive message, albeit his frustration for his country, which did not allow him to sit at the table of his white counterparts, as in â€Å"I, Too.† Hughes wanted to live equally among others, to feel an undeniable part ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Langston Hughes 947 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes Research Please read the following three sources and answer all of the questions. Once you’re finished email the completed document to my email, lwiget@asa.edu. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/books/01/04/22/specials/hughes-humor.html In 5-7 Sentences summarize what this article is about. Your answers will go here: In this article is about the Life of Langston Hughes; how he was growing and couched the people with his humor and irony, regarding the impossibility and hard of beingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Langston Hughes 2630 Words   |  11 PagesDaragon Wendwesen Stanford Searl English 102, fall 2014 December 12, 2014 Paper Five What â€Å"Identity† Means In The Poems of Langston Hughes Before I explain my take on what identity means in Langston Hughes works, I would like explain a little about a man who happened to be one of the most recognizable names in African- American literature, and the struggle he faced – as a writer and mostly as an African American. A brief glimpse into our darkest days and description of his life and about him willRead More Harlem, An Analysis of a Langston Hughes Poem Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesHarlem, An Analysis of a Langston Hughes Poem The short but inspirational poem Harlem by Langston Hughes addresses what happens to aspirations that are postponed or lost. The brief, mind provoking questions posed throughout the poem allow the readers to reflect--on the effects of delaying our dreams. In addition, the questions give indications about Hughes views on deferred dreams. Harlem is an open form poem. The poem consists of three stanzas that do not have a regularRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Cross By Langston Hughes963 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem Cross by Langston Hughes sensationalizes the battle of being biracial; especially in the mid 1900 s.This poem dramatizes the problems of his ethnic roots, and growing up biracial in a time period and country that primarily sees blacks and whites. In this poem, Hughes is expressing his disappointment of being of both high contrasts however considering the fact that he could never have an honorable place in neither of the two races nor be acknowledged by neither of the two racial classesRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem I, Too978 Words   |  4 Pages Langston Hughes America, the ideals of freedom, equality, and opportunity traditionally held to be available to every American. This is what everyone was told, what the Declaration of Independence states. But, Langston Hughes a black American poet in the Harlem Renaissance period saw the truth. Being an African American in the United States during the early 1900’s was difficult. Many lived a life full of hardships; segregation, prejudice and economic hardships, viewed as second-class citizensRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesMy choice is a Langston Hughes’s poem â€Å"Theme for English B† and â€Å"Mother to Son.† Both poems were written around the Harlem Renaissance Era. Both of the poem Hughes shares learning new things and using a creative language. His poems are empowering, it speaks from a creative mind. We should study my texts because of the cultural center for Africa-American: writers, artists, musicians, photographers, p oets, scholars. The poem reflects the Harlem Renaissance era. The Harlem Renaissance was a name givenRead MoreAn Analysis of Langston Hughes Poem Harlem1520 Words   |  6 PagesPoems Harlem by Langston Hughes Thesis statement: Hughes wrote this when Jim Crow laws were still imposing an bitter segregated society in the South. There were still lynchings of innocent African Americans, there was no Civil Rights Movement, there was no Civil Rights legislation yet, and Blacks couldnt eat at lunch counters in the South. Harlem, however, was not at all like the South in terms of blatant, legal segregation. However, racism was very much in place in many places in America. Blacks

Short Story - 1447 Words

I remember you fired me because of my volatile tendencies, but you hired a pyromaniac to be Sawada-kuns tutor instead! Strawberry-chan, its nice to see you. Hiro-chan! Tenths hag, how dare you- Not right now, Hayato, I interrupted, angrily making my way to the demonic infant with crossed arms, this is ludicrous! Reborn, how could you? Tilting his head, Reborn-san stared me. His actions showed of confusion, but his eyes voiced of amusement. Strawberry-chan, what do you mean? Wouldnt it be more beneficial if Dame-Tsuna is tutored by Gokudera-kun; his academic scores are much higher than yours. Ouch, definitely wasnt necessary. Im not the greatest student, but Im not the worst one either. Im just horrendous when it†¦show more content†¦When Im offended, I will get the justification I believe I deserve. Guys, its been a long day. How about we take a few minutes to cool- Hag, what do you say, Gokudera angrily yelled in my face, shaking my collar and making it more difficult to breathe, say that again, I dare you! I smirked; hook, line, and sinker. Why youre a prodigy, so isnt it obvious? We need soap to scrub that appalling tongue of yours, of course! With a fist raised, his eyes misted with uncontrollable rage thats waiting to be released. To me, it seems Im staring into the eye of the storm. Please, Gokudera-kun and Hiro-kun calm down, before anyone gets hurt from- How about I get a bar of soap and shove it down your throat! I laughed; one punch, thats all I need to change this games flow. I like to see someone like- Stop it. We, Gokudera and I, closed our mouth with a painful snap. Did the room become significantly warmer, Im sweating bullets. With fearful eyes and dried lips, we slowly turned our heads, introduced to an irritated Sawada-kun; a sight that Ive deemed impossible until this day. Even Reborn-san looked at Sawada-kun with slightly wide-eyes: curious at this new development in his student. Focusing his attention on Gokudera; the said-boy whimpered, instantly releasing his hold on my jacket. Same as me, Gokudera is worried and terrified. Weve both havent faced this side of Sawada-kun before, to us; its an anomaly. Seeing explosiveShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Myths of the Native American Cherokee Tribe Free Essays

string(61) " there was fire they did everything they could to get to it\." Myths are sacred to all Native American Tribes, and the two popular myths for the Cherokee Indian tribe is The Creation Myth, which explains how the world was made, and the other myth is The First Fire which is about how the fire was discovered. The Cherokees are a very large and powerful American Indian tribe and has a lot of history background and interesting facts. They use their cultural myths in their day to day lives in many different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Myths of the Native American Cherokee Tribe or any similar topic only for you Order Now The creation myth is used more in their religion beliefs than the first fire is, but they both are similar with each other. The Cherokee Indians have a personal and trusting relationship with the earth, animals, and Plants to show that they love the earth and trust in it. The creation myth is about how the world was made in the Cherokee Indians point of view. This myth explains how the world was created and all the background information about it, and how and why we have mountains and valleys. The Indians believe that â€Å"The earth was a great island floating in a sea of water, suspended by a cord at each of the four cardinal points, hanging down from the sky vault, which is solid rock†, (Cherokee Beliefs Creation Of Earth), nd they fear that once everybody dies on this earth the earth will go back underground like it was before everyone was created. There was a arch floating on this island of water with a few animals aboard, and on this arch was a little Water-beetle, who went on a journey to see what was under the water, and what he discovered was some mud. The mud some how created a soft surface so that the animals could then walk on, which became the earth which was flat and very wet at first. All of the animals were very anxious to see if the ground was ready to walk on, so each bird on the arch was sent on to check, but they could not find a place to land. Each time something was discovered or complete they would send out a different animal to do that task to help get the earth ready to live on. The father of all Buzzards than flew out to get everything ready, he is the one who made the valleys and mountains. This happened when the Buzzard got very tired of flying, when he was in the Cherokee country his wings would touch the ground Ahich turned into a valley than it turned in a mountains. The sun was created after the earth was dry, the animals saw that it was still very dark. So then the animals got the sun in track so it would come up each day across the island from east to est. The first inept didn’t work due to it being really hot, it took a different animal and seven attempts to get the sun in the sky at a just enough spot. The Indians believe that there is another world under the one we live in. They call it the underground and they say everything down there is the same with animals, plants, and people, the only thing different is the seasons they have. Its not known to whom and when the animals and plants were made, but they were a great use of help when the earth was being created. The animals did a lot of work on trying to get everything in order so they could have some where to live. The plants and animals had to stay up seven nights to test their abilities. Only the owl, the panther and two other animals were able to stay up the full seven nights and were rewarded with the powers to see in the dark and stay awake at night. The tree’s that were able to stay up was the Cedar, the Pine, the Spruce, the Holly and the Laurel, they were giving the ability to always stay green and to be the greatest medicine. Men were created after the plant and animals were. First there was just a brother and sister that was living on earth and then the brother. Then one day he made her multiply by striking her with a ish, which she did. In seven days there was a baby and then every seven days another baby was born. It came to a conclusion that earth couldn’t keep all of the babies, because there were too many and it was dangerous. That’s how it came about that its more healthy for women to only have one child in a year. The animals and people were at one point living in harmony with each other, but then the humans speeded all over the earth and there wasn’t enough room for the animals or plants. Then the animals declared a war against the humans, the animals were really mad, so they each chose a disease to send the humans to make them ill or die. The plants were the only things that was still pure and harmless to one another, they were friendly to both men and plants but, â€Å"when the plants, who were friendly to man heard what had be done by the animals they determined to defeat the latter’s’ evil designs†(Conley pp. 10. After the trees defeated the plan that was made, they cured the humans with their medicine from themselves. The first fire myth explains how fire came about and who was discovered it. In mythology, fire appears both as a creative, cleansing force and as a destructive, punishing one, although positive aspects of fire generally outweigh negative ones. The fire was first made by some thunder that sent their lighting to a empty sycamore tree that was on a island which caught on fire. The earth was really cold, and when all the animals saw that there was fire they did everything they could to get to it. You read "Myths of the Native American Cherokee Tribe" in category "Essay examples" Since the fire was on a island only certain animals could try to retrieve the fire. The Raven had tried first because he was so strong he tried to bring back the fire, but he failed. In the process in trying to bring back the fire, the Raven got all of his feathers scorched black so he flew back. After most of the animals that could fly tried to get the fire failed nd got hurt in the process, none of the other animals that could fly didn’t want to try, because they were afraid. The next animal that tried was the black racer snake, he swam under he water and came up from the bottom of the tree where there was a hole at, and he made up it up the tree. The snake almost had the fire, but it burst in flames in his face and he fell in the hole and climbed out just into, but he got turned all black. By then all of the animals were afraid to try to get the fire, so the animals held a council to see what they should do next, and the rest of them made up xcuses why they couldn’t try to go retrieve the fire. The last brave animal that was willing to make the trip across the island was the water spider. For her journey she weaved a bowl and put it on her backed to carry back the fire in. she crossed over the island and came back with a piece of coal in her bowl still burning. The water spider still wears the bowl strapped around her body to remind everybody how she got the fire. Cherokee Indians were one of the largest native American group in the Unites States. They were one of the most important tribe in the United States and the most civilized. They riginally came from the southeastern region of the United States. The Cherokee people also lived in different parts of the United States, such as Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee. The location of the Cherokee Indians changed in the 1800’s, due to the Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears is also known as Indian Removal, is when the government created an Indian territory in Oklahoma, and sent all the Eastern native Americans to live there. The Cherokee people were treated really badly and some died on the long journey to Oklahoma, which resulted in the deaths of 4000 Cherokees. The name Cherokee comes from a Muskoge word meaning speakers of another language, and is pronounced Tsalagi in their language, but the Cherokee language belongs to the Iroquoian . The Cherokee originally called themselves Aniyunwia which means the principal people. The roles of the men and women Cherokee tribe were like their distant cousins the Iroquois. The Cherokee men and women were equal to each other, they had the same amount of power as each other. The men did the hunting, war and diplomacy. For hunting the men would make their own and weapons by hand, the material they used was tomahawks. When the Cherokee man hunters would prepare to hunt for their food, they would pray to the animals to ask for forgiveness from them, than they would continue to hunt, â€Å"Man fasted prayed before hunting, and then offered thanks in a ceremony after killing an animal; on returning to their village, they shared the meat, used all parts of the animal, and often danced to honor the animal†, (Cherokee Indian Heritage and History). The Indians were thankful for the animal that gave them food, but They also felt bad so they honored them to show their appreciation to the animals and earth. Cherokee man would use blowguns to catch birds and sometimes to play a small game. They were good with building things also, building canoes and house frames and roofs. The women in the tribe duties was to be in charge of farming, property, and taking care of their families. The women also made their own tools, they wove mats, blankets, clothing and pottery. When the time came for making important political decisions in the Cherokee tribe the men would step in and play the important role, and when it came down to social decisions for the clan they would be the women place to step in and make the decisions. In the modern time in the Cherokee history women couldn’t be chiefs or anything in higher power, only landowners, and the man could only be the chiefs. Times have changed in the Cherokee tribe and now woman can be chiefs, but some Indians still prefer the traditional way to live. Some activities both genders did in the Cherokee tribe was artwork which is making drums and rattles, music which included them dancing to their traditional songs, storytelling and traditional medicine the pure healing. The Indians were really serious about their ways of healing themselves and others in their tribe. The Cherokee’s would have big ceremonies relating to this process of healing and forgiving with their traditional ways and beliefs. The Cherokee’s religion and beliefs are based up on the protective spirits of the upper world to help them keep balance and harmony on earth, and it connects to the creation myth in a Many different ways. The Cherokee Indians did a lot of rituals, prayers, and ceremonies giving thanks to the earth, plants and animals. They use the creation myth as guide to lead them through their lives. This myth means a lot to the Cherokee Indians and their religion. Even though the Cherokee Indians don’t use the term religion to describe the rituals, ceremonies, the cleaning of their bad feelings, and all of their other daily life styles, every part of their world had some scared connection or religious meaning to it. They began their day and end their nights with daily prayers, rituals, and seasonal ceremonies to deal with their problems and receive guidance and forgiveness from the earth. The Cherokee did a lot of rituals and ceremonies about how to rid all the bad feelings and getting the earth and animals to forgive them. They did special rituals for the animals they have killed â€Å"a hunter was required to follow ertain prescribed rituals, and to apologize to the spirit of the animal he killed† (Conley pg. 7). One of the rituals they did was Going To The Water, the purpose of this ritual is to help get rid of any bad feelings they may have and renew them in a positive way so they can began a fresh start with a clear mind. They began by stepping into a river or creek facing east, and dipping their bodies under the water seven times to come up with a clear mind, â€Å"they prayed to the sevens directions: the four cardinal points, the sky, the earth, and the center-the spirit†, (Cherokee Indian Heritage and History). This was performed by men, women, and children. Another ceremony the Cherokee’s used was called the called The Green Corn Ceremony, which was used to help give them a fresh start and seek forgiveness for their quarrels and any crime they did. This ceremony was held each year at harvest time. The meaning of this ceremony was to forgive one another and get forgiveness from the earth from what they did in their past year. In conclusion the Cherokee Indian were a very powerful tribe, who live their lives by many myths and traditional rituals, which is very sacred to them. They focus on all of the good things in life, they are very respectful and thankful for a lot of things. To show thanks they usually do ceremony or a traditional ritual. The Cherokee Indians have a lot of balance and harmony in their lives. Cherokee Indians have a lot of love for the earth, plants and the animals, most of there stories, rituals, ceremonies, and legends are based upon those three things they love and respect the most. Animals, earth, and the plants all give something to the Cherokee Indians that they can use feed, nurture and protect their tribe. How to cite Myths of the Native American Cherokee Tribe, Essay examples

Apple Inc. Ability of Planning to keep Competitive Edge in Business

Question: Task 1 A. Using appropriate theories, review changing perspective in marketing planning. Evaluate Apples ability for planning its future marketing activity. B. Examine techniques for organisational auditing and for analysing external factors that affect marketing planning. Use one of these techniques to carry out organisational auditing and analysis of external factors that affect marketing planning in Apple. you will have applied an effective approach to study and research the marketing planning process at Apple Task 2 Using appropriate theories, assess the main barriers to marketing planning and examine how Apple may overcome these barriers. Task 3 A. Based on your analysis in Task 1, write a marketing plan for the launch of a new product for Apple. B. Explain why marketing planning is essential in the strategic planning process for Apple. C. Using Apple, examine techniques for new product development. Justify recommendations for pricing policy, distribution and communication mix for the new product. D. You are required to explain how factors affecting effective implementation of the marketing plan have been taken into account. Task 4 A. Using Apple, explain how ethical issues influence marketing planning and analyse examples of how organisations respond to ethical issues. B. Analyse examples of consumer ethics and their effect on marketing planning in Apple. Answer: Introduction Apple Inc. is the multinational organization that stays competitive in the globalized market. It keeps the competitive edge with proper planning in the business. Managers analyze competition and proper needs of the customer. It also accesses the information to keep the competitive advantage. It focuses on creativity and diversity allows the company to manage it effectively. (Adkins, 2013) Task 1 A. Apples ability for planning its future marketing activity Marketing planning is a multiple process tool that enables the management to understand everything about the company. It succeeds in their goals and involve with the importance and perspectives. Organization capability for planning the future activities of marketing are identified with the core competence, strengths and weaknesses, behavior and resources etc. It also identifies the skills of the organization to meet the strengths and to reduce the challenges and develop an opportunities. Apple possesses high skills on research and planning that expands the worldwide operations and the marketing strategy aims to promote the parameters such as superior quality, reliability, friendliness and design of the product. It is promoted as the product that does not only offer the ease in an individuals life but also it is called as the cost effective solution to the issues associated with the computer. The major components of the marketing mix help to know the product and its marketing in the global scenario. (Minaxi, 2015) The growth strategy with marketing in future of Apple consist high quality and innovative products as well as services. It increases customer loyalty and develops the strong position in the competitive market place. Innovation is the key success of Apple and it highly brings success. Innovation has been the major key to success for Apple. The major important resources and skills of Apple was Steve Jobs and he has done the great job to form the company. He met with the growth in a very short span of time and increased the earnings in the market. Apple also followed the objectives and strategies of marketing planning for future. (Rothaermel, 2012) Theory: The theory of marketing and distribution strategy in Apple leads to the profitable relationship, higher amount of customers, and least amount to reduce the involvement of middle men. B. Organisational auditing Every organization focuses on audit activity to identify the opportunity and the organizational audit for external factors are social factors, political factors, environmental and technological factors. (Johnson, et.al, 2008) One of the techniques to carry out organisational auditing and analysisof external factors that affect marketing planning in Apple is PESTLE analysis. With this technique, the company will successfully understand the activity: Political factors: Since Apple is present in multiple nations, the company adheres to deal with the rules as well as regulations with respect to the rules and tax rates etc. Environmental factors: Apple states that the company strongly leads to the impact that the companys products on the environment have been used. There is a need to decrease the lowest level possible for less material. Social factors: Apple has proved to be successful in multiple cultures with the fact that there is a strong dependence on advancement of technology in different corners of the globe. (David, 2009) Technological factors: Apple is considered as the technological innovative company in the globe. Market leaders strongly served the offerings of the product at Apple. (Jurevicius, 2013) Task 2 A. Main barriers and examination of Apple that may overcome these barriers The main barriers of market planning are as discussed below: Isolation of the marketing activity: The major reason for the failure of marketing plan is the understanding that marketing is something that a marketer possesses in their office. Marketing appointment is supreme to put the things correct and the major challenge is that the new person immediately finds the power for the development of the product, pricing, customer services etc. The new executive is powerless to influence for the importance and fails immediately. (Eloqua, 2014) Organizational barriers and challenges: It is associated with the concern of marketing and there is the issue of corporate organization and the most important is the functions like personnel, finance, production, allocation, marketing and operations. The traditional reason for this approach is clear and also difficult to attain people for clear goals and there is a less uncertainty that it is challenging to get the people who are loyal to deal with the goals of customer satisfaction. Thus, it is clear that the top management needs to a lot for corporate culture and while development of the team, this approach has overcome the barrier of the organization. (Business plans.org, 2009) Official designs cant substitute the innovation and substitute: The major efforts follow the style that contains the proper skills as well as the abilities to decrease the vision of the planning. This can create disaster in the organization. (Solomon, 2011) To overcome the barriers, the organizations need to focus on the marketing plan such as: Management should certify the plans of organization as well as communication at multiple levels. Planning generates the coordinated effort and it offers major ways to the managers to deal with the solution. Planning forces managers to deal with the future and to remove the crisis, management leads the future and planning assures the company with respect to technology. (Gant, 2014) The use of modern tools and technologies on the business especially focuses on the development and makes serious demands on scheduling. It is costly and expensive to generate success. (David, 2015) Task 3 A. Marketing plan for the product launch Marketing is the crucial and vital factor for determining the success. It develops awareness and focuses on the need of the product to expand the business. The company is positioned in the market with the help of marketing that needs to be created in the existing markets. Apple has always focused on the steps to increase the success in the industry. The market plan represents multiple strategies for the company that could be adopted by Apple to develop the successful market. For the launch of the marketing, the marketing mix was termed as the concept of marketing mix: Product / service: This is called as the availability of the response in the market. It helps to measure the need and to deliver the high tech products. Price: Price is the most sensitive P in the marketing that includes the cost to the market for the particular product. It adopts from the competitors in the market and Apple charges high prices and targets the middle to upper level groups of income so they can have the willingness to deal with the handsome amount. Promotion: The vital areas under promotion are personal selling, direct marketing, sales promotion and advertising. The major objectives are to generate awareness about the product and to increase the sales for high level of brand equity. (Bradley, 2003) Apple has been active in participation in promotion activities. It has met the strategies to increase the methods of promotion and the company promotes with the comparative advertising. Place: This is well called for distribution and the customers possess willingness to purchase the products. Apple is innovative in its channels of distribution and involve in the increase of revenues. Market segmentation is important to deal with the new products and for the new product i.e. Ipad the company will try to increase the customer loyalty and help to remain the market leader. It will increase the availability of benefits and high level of accessibility. Positioning strategy will form the distinctive values to generate the edge of competitiveness. Marketing goals and objectives: The purpose of the marketing plan is to follow the disruptive styles of marketing to launch its products with the most innovative features in the market. The expectations of the customer are very high and it plays an important role. (Sengupta, 2005) The goals of the marketing strategy for Apple for its new product launch is To offer the best customer satisfaction by offering them the products to their uses, needs and expectations To manage the edge of competition in all the customer segments and To focus on the brand image of the market These goals are important to lead to the objectives in the market and it aims to increase the overall market share and other segments etc. (Proctor, 2000) Smart goals There is a need to set the goals such as below: Specific goals: The specific goals for the market environment are to increase the customer satisfaction and this defines that the product meets its expectations. Customer expectations are very high at times of brand such as Ipad. The high amount of exclusivity which the user attains when he or she purchase the product of Apple. The customers never see the features that are added in the Apple products and the other goal is to manage the leadership. Measurable goals: The quantitative goals in the market share are really measurable with the multiple surveys and the company has high level of comprehensive data. This offers an insight of competition in the market share of Apple. Attainable goals: Apple is an organization to follow the disruptive strategy of marketing and the company has enough resources to reach their goals and to succeed in the market. There is a high amount of brand equity that customers posse to purchase at the premium prices. (Flynn, 2011) Realistic goals: The realistic goals can be justified as Apple have enjoyed more than 95% market share in the multiple countries such as Japan, UK, Germany etc. Apple can gain the market share in new countries as well. Timely goals: The sales targets are planned for every quarter and there is no time limit for the above goals. It introduced different versions at different times. (Erdogmus, 2012) There might have some factors in the external focus such as: Technology factors: Technology in the market is advanced at every phase and the features are indispensable that have been obsolete. The tech-savvy customers are the innovators in the market and technology helps to improve the characteristics. Thus, the major goals influence the uses of the product such as design and offers by featured by the similar products. Cultural patterns: The country has been cautious with the environmental impact of the products and Apple deals with the feature in the resolution and health hazards where similar products are used. (Levina, 2010) Legal challenges: With the legal policies needs to be followed, the business is very friendly and Apple should meet the policies and laws such as competition consumer act as well as practices. (Kotler Armstrong, 2008) Competitor analysis The closes competitor of Apple in Australia is Samsung and the other players in the market are Vodafone, Motorola with the Play book. Apple should focus on the different levels of competition and they are known as: Brand competition: Apple has huge innovations and the product of ipad had been famous in the industry with the quality conscious brand. Samsung plays with compatibility with recent software in the market and matches with the equity of Apple. (Kotler, 2009) Product competition: Apple had increased its presence all across the customer segments and these features are important in each segment. Samsung has limited versions of their products and offered multiple varieties for consumers in market. Generic competition: Apple has been the demand for people for the production and the online market space that considers the offline distributors and Samsung played the strong channels of distribution. Consumer behavior: The behavior of consumers develops the crucial way to identify the products success. The technology enthusiasts place their orders online and Apple penetrates different sets of customer. They have been the major channel of distribution and expand the network across the nation with the help of distributors as well as franchisees. Therefore, it is assured that customer complaints should be resolved when compared with other competitors. (Hooley, 2011) B. Marketing planning is essential in the strategic planning process for Apple The strategic planning process is a process that helps managers to implement the strategy that could lead to the edge of sustainable advantage. This is systematic planning to meet the actions and to assess the outcomes properly. It also performs strategic planning to formulate the strategies and evaluation. It also helps to formulate the long term strategy for success. (Knowledgebank. 2009) The well defined marketing planning helps to do the great businesses and meet the loyalty of customers with marketing practices and tactics. Strategic planning is a process at all levels of management in the organization to develop the commitment in the organization. It brings communication and ensures success in the strategies. For Apple, marketing planning is important for Apple because it helps in developing new product with respect to innovation. It generates strategic goals and provides success with innovation. Culture also develops the values and attitudes of employees and it is followed by the top management that helps in communication of the employees that ensures success with respect to the execution of the strategies. It is also important because the technology and competition creates instability in the business. (Stanleigh, 2015) The strategic planning is the managerial process that creates and evolves market opportunities and success of the company. It engages staff and helps to understand the development of strategies. C. Techniques for new product development and recommendations To examine the techniques of new product development, creativity and innovation plays an important role in success. Creativity strongly focuses on problem solving and new ideas. It is important for new product development. It is designed into organization and innovation involves information and values from resources. It is equally important to that helps to generate the success of the product. (Murphy, 2007) For the new product, pricing is known to be the important part of the marketing strategy and marketing mix. It is because the price of the product is determined with its quality and product development. It increases the revenues and profits. With the introduction of the new product, the company can increase its profits and market share. Skimming occurs with the high price in an attempt to increase the market attraction and to achieve the objectives of the business, the mix of marketing communication is important such as: Product: The product is defined and focuses on strong branding and fashion. To generate the interest of the customer, Apple has made their products popular in the market. It has developed the portable devices with proper strategies and opportunities that will help Apple to achieve high level of growth and development in a short span of time. (Michael, 2014) Price: As per the customers, the price plays a substantial role and the price if fixed in terms of brand and quality. Apple possesses the standard price for most of their products. Place: Place is called as the distribution and channel and it is the means of product distribution and the types of distributors are called as indirect and direct distribution. Distribution is effective and efficient in terms of marketing goals and objectives. Intensive distribution is important to sell the low price products and consumers have high level of skills to deal with the products distribution. Promotion: Promotion for the new product i.e. ipad helps to communicate the target markets and it is developed with sales promotion, public relations and marketing as well as personal selling. With lots of promotions, the communication process is spread properly among the customers to manage and to handle the complaints as well as queries. Apple can advertise with the help of promotional activities and it also attracts the number of customers to purchase the products of Apple. (Ron, 2015) D. Factors affecting effective implementation of the marketing planhave been taken into account The factors that affect the effective implementation of the marketing plan are as follows: Developing the intimacy of customer: With respect to the formulation of customer satisfaction and retention, the company increases success for customers. The marketers possess increased amount of intimacy in the strategy of marketing. Brand: The second important factor is called as the brand that is associated with the environment of the company. Innovation: Innovation does not happen in department and it only happens in the department of supply chain. The strategy of marketing helps in positive association and the company focuses on incremental growth with continuous pricing strategy of skimming method. (Robert, 2012) Task 4 A. Ethical issues influence marketing planning Ethical issues affect the competition with respect to the false information associated with the competitors product and Apple should possess the honest marketing strategies for competition. The kind of ethical issues have impacts on strategic marketing and the company Apple should come up with major strategies. The other effect is the perception or the image of the company; hence the company needs to satisfy to make the customers trustworthy with respect to the credibility on the business in a professional approach. (Lee, 2009) There is a requirement of organization to develop the marketing to consumers and some ethical issues drive the consumers away and its marketing strategy. The ethical issue would be the fact that the consumers are believed that the products are able to deal with the needs and it focuses on the customer satisfaction. Thus, it strongly impacts the strategic marketing because the strategy itself focuses on profit. The ethical issue in an organization has been offered its employees low salary, poor packages and the company should meet the products to ensure the level of protection. Therefore, to market the strategies of organization, this needs to be environmental friendly. To recommend, the company should focus on the laws and policies for proper conduct and it should establish the success in a better way. (Vance, et.al, 2009) B. Analyse examples of consumer ethics and their effect on marketing planning in Apple Apple has demonstrated the suppliers purchase for ethical reasons and it has proved the willingness to fix the issues. To control the ethics internally as well as externally, the manager can be challenging. To manage the supplier is the big responsibility that the company should take it seriously. Apple focuses on their suppliers to manage the highest ethical policies and standards. The company evaluates its suppliers to meet the instructions of their suppliers. Ethics is an important part of the culture of the organization and managers focus on the proper training to meet the success of the organization. It contains business practices, employees training, verification of hours of work etc. Planning, organizing and leading as well as controlling help the company (Apple) to deal with the success. It focuses on external factor that impacts the process of management and also it impacts the technology that is the internal factor. Thus, Apple is applied to the four functions of management and it innovates through innovation and creativity. Diversity focuses on Apple to manage it effectively and it allows to effectively managing the work goals. Strategic planning also contains the importance of ethics and policies for the company. Ethics and policies play an important role in the culture of the organization. It is competitive and essential for Apple to use the multiple functions of management to manage it effectively. (Brennan, et,al, 2010) References Adkins, A. 2013. Syne core. Why business need integrated digital marketing Bradley, F 2003,Strategic Marketing: In the Customer Driven Organization, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ Brennan, R., Canning, L., Canning, L. E., McDowell, R. (2010). Business-to-business Marketing: SAGE Publications Limited. Business Resource Software, 2009. Market segmentation. www-format: https://www.businessplans.org/Segment.html David, F.R. (2009). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. 12th ed. FT Prentice Hall, p. 104-114 David, M. (2015). New product development: Academia.edu. Eloqua, M. 2014. B2b Marketing. Oracle marketing cloud. Available from Erdomu, . E., iek, M. (2012). The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Brand Loyalty. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1353-1360. Flynn, David; Apple iPad 2 launches in Australia this Friday, 2011; viewed 27 October 2011;https://www.ausbt.com.au/apple-ipad-2-launches-in-australia-this-friday-prices-from-579-to-949 Gant, P. 2014. Direct marketing. The power of creating that sells. Hooley, Graham, J.; 2011;Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning Johnson, G, Scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8th ed. FT Prentice Hall, p. 55-57 Jurevicius, O. (2013). Pest and pestel analysis: Strategic management insight. Knowledgebank. 2009. Analysis. Public sector marketing Frenzy. B2B marketing. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. 2008. Principles of marketing. Thirteenth edition. Pearson prentice hall Kotler, P. 2009. Business to business marketing. Kotler on marketing. John Wiley and Sons. Lee, S., Hwang, T., Lee, H.-H. (2009). Corporate blogging strategies of the IT Fortune 500 companies. Management Decision, 44(3), 316-334. Levina, O. 2010. Business to Business Market Segmentation. Viewed on 2nd August, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/19240/The%20thesis%201.pdf?sequence=1 Michael, R. 2014. Marketing is different. In the not for profit world. Minaxi, R. (2015). Auditing and cost accounting: Pearson education Murphy, D. 2007. Marketing for B2B vs. B2C: Similar but different. Masterful marketing. Marketing in the new media world. Proctor, T 2000,Strategic Marketing: An Introduction, Routeledge, London Robert, B. 2012. Is business to business marketing really different than consumer marketing. Business to business exploding. Practical accountant. Ron Brauner, The B2B Process: Eight Stages of the Business Sales Funnel, Ron Brauner Integrated Marketing (Web site), July 31, 2008, https://www.ronbrauner.com/?p=68 (accessed December 13, 2014) Rothaermel, F. T. (2012). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, p. 56-61 Sengupta, Subroto; 2005;Brand Positioning: Strategies for Competitive. Apple Australia; viewed 27 October 2011; https://www.apple.com/au/ipad/features/ Solomon, Michael, R.; 2011;Consumer Behaviour: Buying, Having, and Being Stanleigh, M. (2015). 5 key factors to successful strategic planning: Optimize organizational performance. Thompson, J. and Martin, F. (2010). Strategic Management: Awareness Change. 6th ed. Cengage Learning EMEA, p. 86-88, 816 Vance, K., Howe, W., Dellavalle, R. P. (2009). Social internet sites as a source of public health information. Dermatologic clinics, 27(2), 133-136

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A Strong Central Government Essays A Strong Central Government Essay A Strong Central Government Essay A Strong Central Government In the 21st century Washington should have greater power to dictate national policy because the central government of the federated self-governing state speaks and acts for the entire country with its relations and dealings with foreign governments. In this sense, the national government is the sole holder of self-government. Only the national government can operate as the government of a completely independent political community. The national constitution gives the central government control over matters of common concern to the country as a whole and permits the constituent political communities to regulate matters of more local concern. The states and the federal government are considered supreme in their own sphere of power, although there is considerable overlap (Cropf, p. 106). Understanding that the states cannot make laws that supersede that of the federal government, it is my belief that in the arenas concerning education, health and others the federal government has and should have a greater power of force than local government since we all are aware from experience how local government has and can be influenced by local customs, such as the desire and belief in slavery by southern states. If not for the force of the federal government, slavery would still be legal in the few states. The federal system uses the states to rein in the power of central government, and vice versa (Cropf, p. 06). Lately, you would think with the advent of such political voices as the Tea Party and other so called reformist groups, that the federal powers are a hindrance the average person. I for one disagree. If I could on my on amend the document that give us the freedoms we enjoy, I would give more power to the federal government for the collective to better be in agreemen t. The federal government acts as a central focal point for the states and in an ideal setting the collective voice of the states would be the law of the land, understanding that the lawmakers are a body of people from the states. Yes, it is popular to think that the federal law comes from some entity we don’t know, but truth be told the federal laws we enjoy are the product of the states through their reps making collective laws for the collective. States and local government are responsible for delivering most of the public services in the United States (Cropf, p. 112). Each state has the power to regulate the conduct of individuals within the borders of a state in order to protect the health, safety, morals, and welfare of the citizens of the states. In other words the state must act in the public’s best interest within the state to regulate human conduct to safeguard and promote the general welfare, or common good of the state. As states are given additional power, one result is extra legislation emerging from the states dealing with a broader number of problems. This drive is controlled by the certainty that giving states more flexibility permits them to better address local issues. They need to design a long-term plan which would help reduce fiscal deficits in the years to come. I feel this would restore confidence in the markets, keep interest rates from going up and encourage superior self-assurance and confidence about future tax and spending policies, in this manner encouraging businesses to entrust their resources to creating more jobs. The Affordable Care Act puts people, not health insurance companies or government, in charge of health care and the new law strengthens the existing employer-based health insurance market while making the market fair for consumers by implementing landmark consumer protections (The White House). In a federal system, the national government holds important power, but the lesser political subdivisions also hold important power. Federal systems are chosen for a number of reasons. The size of the nation might be one concern; the diversity of the political subdivisions might be another. The United States combines a bit of both: the size of the continental United States made a unitary system unwieldy, and the diverse interests of the states made confederation impossible (U. S. Constitution Online). Federalism in the United States has progressed somewhat a bit since it was first implemented in 1787. References Cropf, R. (2008). American public administration: public service for the 21st century. New York, NY: Pearson Longman. The White House. President Barack Obama. Retrieved on July 8, 2011 from whitehouse. gov/ U. S. Constitution Online. (1995-2011). Retrieved on July 9, 2011 from usconstitution. net/index. html

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Changing The Competitive Landscape Of The Smartphone Industry Marketing Essay

Changing The Competitive Landscape Of The Smartphone Industry Marketing Essay Abstract Innovation can be defined as a process of converting opportunities into new ideas and of the wide application of these ideas in practice (Tidd, Bessant, Pavitt, 2005). The past decade saw constant innovations in ICT aimed at increasing self-efficacy of the end users of communication devices. Elements such as miniaturization and ubiquitous computing (Open Handset Alliance, 2007a) have literally brought the personal computer to the palm of the consumer, in the form of a smartphone. The smartphone is rich with features such as internet browsing, touch screens, mobile-camera, improved connectivity and entertainment with the capability to adopt new applications (Burgelman, Silverman, Wittig, Hoyt, 2009). Recent years witnessed an explosive growth in mobile subscribers, where in 2008 alone global shipments rose 28%, as the smartphone gained momentum in the mobile phone industry (Canalys, 2008). The next few years are predicted to show a compound annual growth rate of 13.5% in handset shi pments leading to 1.9 billion handsets at the end of 2012 compared to 1 billion in 2007 (DataMonitor, 2008). Today, due to its portability and versatility the smartphone is a key player that facilitates the integration of technology with modern consumerism as the end user is given the capability to engage many computational devices and systems simultaneously (Tsai, Wang, Hwang, 2008). Mark Weiser (1991) refers to this as Ubiquitous Computing. The demand for smartphone has been the key driver for innovations (such as the touch screen, internet browsing, Wi-Fi) in the mobile industry in the past decade and the Open Handset Alliance and the Android platform are recent products of such pursuits. This study analyses how the OHA and Android has and will alter the terms of competition in the mobile industry, with relation to Porters five industrial forces. The Smartphone Industry Industry Participants Analysing the industry value chain of the smartphone the key components can be identified as chipset manufactures (Intel) , infrastructure developers and platform manufactures (Microsoft, Palm, iPhone) who provide the hardware and software components for handset manufactures. Application developers produce the applications that run on the operating platform whereas content providers such as Google provide the information for these applications. Mobile operators such as ATT and T-Mobile distribute handsets and provide the subscribers with network connectivity. In 2006 the global handset market was an oligopoly dominated by 5 companies which accounted for 85% of the market where Nokia and Motorola together accounted for 58%. Traditionally manufacturers competed through design. The entry of iPhone 3G to the market in 2008 created a new standard by combining design, performance, utility and functionality (Burgelman, Silverman, Wittig, Hoyt, 2009). It is considered by some industry analysts to be a blockbuster where Apples market share increased from 3.6% in 2007 to 17.3% in 2008, making it the now second largest player. Googles Entry into the Smartphone Industry Established in 1996 as the brainchild of two Stanford University computer science graduates, Google is now considered to be a blockbuster concept that has expanded beyond its core business as a search engine to a portfolio of products and services (Bhattacharya, Gopal, Samad, 2009). Today, a vast majority of Googles revenue is generated through the companys advertising products, Adword and Adsense (99% in 2007 and 97% in 2007) (Burgelman, Silverman, Wittig, Hoyt, 2009) that provide targeted advertising on its search pages, by placing advertisements relevant to a search on the results page. Googles entry to the smartphone industry was facilitated by its acquisition of the start-up open source software firm, Android in 2005 (Business Week, 2005). This event was a result of Google identifying the future growth potential of the smartphone and its capacity for mobile advertising. Eric Schmidt, the Chairman and CEO of Google stated You carry your phone everywhere. It knows all about you. We can do a very targeted ad. Over time we will make more money from mobile advertising. (Schmidt, 2010). Open Handset Alliance and Android In November 2007 Google unveiled the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 companies in the mobile industry representing the industry value chain (Fig 1), consisting of multinational companies such as T-Mobile, HTC, Intel, Qualcomm and Motorola. The objective of the alliance was to create an Open Software, Open Device and an Open Ecosystem (Open Handset Alliance, 2009b) fostering open innovation for development of mobile technology based on the open source platform. Today the OHA has expanded its membership to 65 companies. Fig. 1: The Wireless Value Chain (Hendrix, 2009) In November 2007 OHA released Android, an integrated software pack consisting of the Operating System, middleware, user-friendly interface and applications and the Android SDK free to the development community. Open Innovation and Open Source Open innovation is innovating through the collective creative input and knowledge of internal and external resources (Chesbrough, 2003). Open source technology is one method of open innovation (von Hippel von Krogh, 2006). It grants the developer the ownership of the source code without a cost of license fee or royalties giving them the freedom to further develop and distribute the product free or at a fee (Open Source Initiative, 2010). The openness of the platform creates more advance and cheaper innovations with shorter time-to-value, improving RD productivity and creating better value for money for the end user (Open Handset Alliance, 2009b). The OHA was a value network fostering open innovation by pooling of knowledge and Intellectual Property of the members. Android, was its first product built on the Linux open source kernel (Open Handset Alliance, 2007a). The Competitive Industry Forces Michael Porter (1979; 2008) defines five forces that define the competitive dynamics of an industry by shaping the interactions within that industry. These forces can be defined as bargaining power of suppliers and customers; the threat if new entrants and substitutes and established industry rivals (Fig.2). These are the figures that drive the profitability of the industry in the short and long terms (Porter, 2008). Analysis of these competitive forces and their drivers will provide insight into the basis of the industrys profitability and future growth potential. The entry of Android and Google into the smartphone industry has significantly affected its competitive landscape. Through the creation of an open ecosystem and a wide developer community it has created a sustainable competitive advantage against non-Andriods. Fig 2: The Five Forces that Shape Industry Competition (Porter, 2008) The Five Forces of the Smartphone Industry Bargaining Power of Suppliers There are a number of players in the smartphone Operating Systems (OS) market, led by Nokias Symbian, followed by Apples iPhone OS X, RIMs (Research in Motion) Blackberry, Microsofts Windows mobile, Linux and Palm (Hashimi Komatineni, 2009). These OS developers charged a license fee from handset manufactures, which was usually a variable cost of $0.50 to $25.00 per handset shipped. Further, in order to build applications on a specific OS, developers required SDK (Software Development Kit) and an API (Application Developer Interface), essential support tools for which they paid expensive certification and at times high membership fees (Burgelman, Silverman, Wittig, Hoyt, 2009). Due to the high bargaining power of these OS developers the cost to handset manufacturers was significantly high. Porter (2008) identifies standardization as an avenue of reducing the bargaining power of suppliers, and it is essential for innovation in the mobile telecommunication industry (Tilson Lyytinen, 2006). In the past collaborative RD and sharing of intellectual property were means of standardization in this industry (Bekkers, Verspagen, Smits, 2002). Android was developed to achieve an industry-wide standard in open source code making it freely available to all. By establishing OHA for this purpose creates an environment for open innovation reducing development, distribution and time costs of parallel innovation. The open nature of the Android platform makes it fully adaptable on any handset which triggers a high demand for the Android OS, which in turn reduced the bargaining power of the suppliers of OS. Bargaining Power of Distributers In the smartphone industry the distributers mainly consist of the network carriers who sell the phones to subscribers as a part of a mobile service plan. The bargaining power of the distributers is high since they have a large variety of handset manufactures with different features to select from. Although the failure of the Google Android may be due to a multitude of factors one key reason was their decision to sell the phone in their own web store independent of a carrier, in an attempt to shake up handset retailing . They changed this strategy by introducing the Nexus One in Vodafone (UK) in April 2010 (Parker Waters, 2010). Handset manufactures try to gain leverage through branding, networking and advertising to generate brand loyalty. iPhone for example has a very strong brand community. However the entry of the Android phone has created a new buzz word among subscribers, which gives members of the OHA a higher bargaining power over other handset manufactures. Another key aspect that affects carriers is the new avenue of voice communication that is available in the smartphones due to the Wi-Fi capabilities and applications that are provided such as Skype and Google Voice. With time this would reduce talk time over the carriers network impacting their revenue. Recently iPhone blocked Google Voice on its platform (Menn, 2009). Through collaborative innovation OHA has built a standard platform (Cusumano, 2010) and reduced RD costs of parallel innovation and increased time efficiencies. These economies will eventually flow to the end user creating higher value for money giving Android phone makers a better bargaining power over their subscribers compared to their competition. Rivalry between Incumbents Within a few years of entering into the market the mobile phone became a commodity due to the competition in the market and the fast innovations that resulted in similar phones competing on price. When the smartphone entered the market it required a premium price for the added functionality of the phones. Now the creation of a standardized OS platform through Android has the potential to commoditize the smartphone. Since it was introduced to the market Android has emerged as a strong brand whereby every smartphone running on the Android platform is co-branded as an Android phone. The very 1st Android the T-Mobile G1, Motorola Droid and the latest HTC Magic are few such examples. This creates a convergence in branding between the members of the OHA further consolidating the smartphone industry through the alliance. The value network and open ecosystem that is OHA has a large potential for future developments in the smartphone industry due to the knowledge pool they have created. This is a critical asset for the members of the OHA over the other players in the industry. Further, having Google as a strong leverage in terms of branding, information and human resources adds to the benefit of the OHA. By introducing a standard platform for smartphones Android has reduced any competition between handsets over the OS, opening a new avenue of competition, which is applications. One of the key issues that arise between incumbents in the industry is the Intellectual Property violations. Apple recently sued HTC for 20 patent infringements over HTCs Android phones (Gelles , 2010). Barriers to Entry The main barrier for the smartphone industry for a new entrant was the significant fixed costs of RD and advertising. The introduction of Android has reduced these barriers significantly. First, by freely providing the SDK to the development community any new entrant can use this OS without a cost. Further the applications that are developed for the Android phones are highly adaptable and open. Therefore they can be adapted by any new entrant. Similar Apples Apps Store, there are multiple applications that are available with no cost. Further the Android brand is a powerful platform upon which new entrants can leverage their marketing. References Aguero, J., Rebollo, M., Carrascosa, C., Julian, V. (2009). Does Android Dream with Intelligent Agents. In J. M. Corchado (Ed.), International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence 2008. 50, pp. 194-204. Berlin: Springer. Bekkers, R., Verspagen, B., Smits, J. (2002). Intellectual Property Rights and Standardization: The Case of GSM. Telecommunications Policy, 26(3), 171-188. Bhattacharya, M., Gopal, B. S., Samad, S. A. (2009). Googles Android A Threat to Mobile Giants. IBS Research Center. UK: ecch. Burgelman, R. A., Silverman, A., Wittig, C., Hoyt, D. (2009). Googles Android: Will it Shake Up Wirelss Industry in 2009 and Beyond? Standford Business School. USA: ecch. Business Week. (2005, August 17). Google Buys Android for Its Mobile Arsenal. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2005/tc20050817_0949_tc024.htm Canalys. (2008, November 6). Global smart phone shipments rise 28%. Retrieved April 13, 2010, from http://www.canalys.com/pr/2008/r2008112.html Canalys. (2009, November 3). Worldwide Smartphone Market in Third Quarter. Retrieved April 13, 2010, from Canalys.com: http://www.canalys.com/pr/2009/r2009112.html Carter, N. M., Stearns, T. M., Reynolds, P. D., Miller, B. A. (1994). New Venture Strategies: Theory Development with an Empirical Base. Strategic Management Journal, 15(1), 21-41. Carton, P., Crumrine, J. (2010, January 4). New Survey Shows Android OS Roiling the Smartphone Market. Retrieved April 2010, 2010, from ChangeWaveResearch: http://www.changewaveresearch.com/articles/2010/01/smart_phone_20100104.html Cusumano, M. (2005, February). Google: What it is and What it is not. Communications of the ACM, 48(2), 15(3). Cusumano, M. (2010). Technology Strategy and Management The Evolution of Platform Thinking. Communications of the ACM, 53(1), 32-34. DataMonitor. (2008, December). Global Mobile Phones: Industry Profile. Datamonitor. Fortt, J. (2010, March 11). Top 5 moments from Eric Schmidts talk in Abu Dhabi. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from CNN Money: http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2010/03/11/top-five-moments-from-eric-schmidts-talk-in-abu-dhabi/ Gelles , D. (2010, March 2). Apple sues HTC over iPhone patents. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from The Financial Times: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/a49b2000-261b-11df-aff3-00144feabdc0.html Grotnes, E. (2008). Standardization as an Arena for Open Innovation. In G. Leon, A. Bernardos, J. Casar, K. Kautz, J. DeGross (Eds.), Open IT-Based Innovation: Moving Towards Cooperative IT Transfer and Knowledge Diffusion (Vol. 287, pp. 343-359). Boston: Springer. Hashimi, S. Y., Komatineni, S. (2009). Pro Android. New York: Springer-Verlag. Helft, M., Hansell, S. (2008, September 24). Google Introduces an iPhone Rival Open to Whims. The New York Times, p. C4. Hendrix, P. (2009). Research on Emerging Market and Disruptive Technology. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from IMMR Institute for Mobile Markets Research: http://www.immr.org/1/About/about.htm Menn, J. (2009, July 29). Apple Bans iPhone Applications based on Google Voice Service. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from The Financial Times: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/686dc586-7bd7-11de-9772-00144feabdc0.html Nuttall, C., Waters, R. (2010, April 8). Apple to battle with Google for mobile ads. Retrieved April 13, 2010, from The Financial Times: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9b1476de-434a-11df-9046-00144feab49a.html Open Handset Alliance. (2007a, November 12). Open Handset Alliance Releases Android SDK. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from Open Handset Alliance Press: http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/press_111207.html Open Handset Alliance. (2009b, November 12). Open Handset Alliance Press. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from Industry Leaders Announce Open Platform for Mobile Devices: http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/press_110507.html Open Source Initiative. (2010). The Open Source Definition. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from http://www.opensource.org/docs/osd Park, Y., Chen, J. V. (2007). Acceptance and Adoption of the Innovative use of Smartphones. Industrial Management Data Systems, 107(9), 1349-65. Porter, M. (1979). How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. McKinsey Quarterly, 4(2), 34(17). Porter, M. (2008, January). The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 1-18. Schmidt, E. (2010, March 11). Innovation. In Keynote Speech at the Abu Dhabi Media Summit. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GMjtOSvMDsfeature=PlayListp=DC59D0AB0DDD8478playnext_from=PLplaynext=1index=53. Schmidt, E., Tseng, E., Neven, H. (2010, February 16). Googles Vision of the Mobile Future. In Speech at the Mobile World Congress. Barcelona, Spain: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClkQA2Lb_iE. Tidd, J., Bessant, J., Pavitt, K. (2005). Managing Innovation Integarating Technological, Market and Organizational Change. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons. Tilson, D., Lyytinen, K. (2006). 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EMF Radiation: Serious Health Hazard for People Essay -- Technology, E

Technology changes everything in this world. Our life has become more convenient and more efficiency which benefits by these new technology. But during this time, some people have considered about some risks of these technologies. EMF radiation is one of them. People have argued for a long time that whether EMF radiation really poses health hazard or not. I insist that EMF radiation is harmful for people’s health and particularly to young children. This opinion can be well proved by all the information I have searched and more people should know about this. First, it’s important to know what EMF radiation is. The full name of EMF is Electromagnetic fields. It’s a kind of area that we may be involved into every time we watching TV, using cell phone, turning on a light switch or using an electric appliance. EMF is a generic term of force generated by magnetic fields or electrical charges. Sometimes, EMF can be considered as a kind of radiation when release energy. When we use some electric appliances, the electromagnetic waves of these appliances will change periodically and produce enough energy to cause ionization. As we all known, ionization can dislodge orbiting electrons from atoms or break bonds which hold molecules together and then producing ions or charged particles. During this process, the production of ions or ionization in our tissues may cause direct damage to cells and cause other health risks. So EMF radiation is also called ionizing radiation. (DCMNR, 2005) This conception maybe a little bit confusing, but i t’s easy to find out that EMF really produces some extra electrons or magnetic field which we have never seen before. So scientists began to do some experiments to figure out that whether EMF has health hazar... ... kind of radiation does mobile phone product. The World Health Organization (WHO) definite the EMF radiation standard as a kind of limitation from electronic devices or of human exposure time from all kind of devices. (WHO, 2006) The exposure standard is basic standard of personal protection in maximum levels. So the EMF can be variety and uncertain. No matter the opponents aware or not, just provide for a rainy day. Technology is a double-edged sword. It can provide us convenient while it may affect our health at the same time. Fortunately, some kind of technology such like EMF radiation has been proved to be harmful and people can prevent it from now on. From my study I am sure that EMF radiation can poses a health hazard for people especially for children and teenagers. All people who really care about their health and their children should know this fact.

Different Types of Soils in India Essay

1. Black soils The principal region of black soils is the Deccan plateau and its periphery extending from 8 °45’to 26o north latitude and 68o to 83o45†² east longitude. They are formed from Deccan basalt trap rocks and occur in areas under the monsoon climate, mostly of semi-arid and sub-humid types. The overall climate of black soil region may be described as hot and dry summer, 40-100 cm rainfall per annum, mild to moderate winters and annual temperature ranges from 24-30o centigrade, mean maximum temperature during April-May ranges from 36~42 °C arid mean minimum temperature during winter ranges from 15-24 ° centigrade. Semi-arid to sub-humid, tropical to sub-tropical monsoon type climate with alternate dry and wet periods and calcification (formation of calcium carbonate) are favourable to the formation of black soils. The soils are characterised by dark grey to black colour with 35-60% clay, neutral to slightly alkaline reaction, high swelling and shrinkage, plasticity, deep cracks during summer and poor status of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Impeded drainage and low permeability are the major problems. Black soils. are divided into shallow black soil of a depth of 30-50 cms, medium black soils of 50-120 cm and deep black soils of more than 120 centimeters. The natural vegetation comprises dry deciduous species, viz palas (Butes frondoss), sisam (Dalbergia sisu), neem (Azadirachta indica) and teak (Tectona grandis). Cotton, sugarcane, groundnut, millets, maize, pulses, safflower are the common crops grown on these soils. Because of their inherent drainage problem, they are prone to salinity and sodicity under irrigated conditions unless proper drainage is ensured. Because of its high water retaining capacity, rainfed crops like minor millets, pulses like horse gram are vegetables of different types and citrus fruits can also be grown. These soils are also known as regurs, nullah regadi (a telugu word meaning black clay) and black cotton soils as cotton was the major crop grown in these soils. 2. Red soils These soils are derived from granite, gneiss and other metamorphic rocks. These soils are formed under well drained condition. The climate is semi-arid tropical with mean annual temperature of 25 °C and mean annual rainfall from 75-100 cm. The soils are higher textured, friable structure and contains low soluble salts. They are slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, well drained with moderate permeability. They are generally poor in nitrogen, phosphorus, lime, humus etc. In this soil, lime concretions and free carbonates are absent. The red colour is due to the higher degree of hydration of the fericoxide in the soils. On uplands, they are gravelly sandy or stony and porous and light coloured on which food crops like bajra can be grown. On the lower plains and valleys, they are dark, coloured fertile loams, irrigated crops like maize, wheat, pulses, potatoes, fruits, millets etc can be grown. These soils have also been found under forest vegetation. Sometimes they found along with black soils (side by side) and also yellow soils (red and yellow soils). Excessive gravelliness, surface crust formation and susceptibility to erosion due to high slopes are some of the problems in these soils which can be overcome by adopting suitable measures. Morphologically the red soils can be divided into red loams which have a cloddy structure and argillaceous soil and red earths with loose friable top soil rich in sesquioxide type of minerals. 3. Laterites and lateritic soils Laterite is a geological term and means literally a rock. The laterites and lateritic soils have been loosely used in the same sense. The lateritic soils are enriched with oxides of iron and aluminium, under the conditions of high rainfall with alternate dry and wet periods. During rainfall silica is leached downwards and iron and aluminium oxides remains in the top layers. Laterites are usually shallow and gravelly at higher lands, but are very deep loam to clay soils in the valleys where good paddy crops are produced. Higher landy soils are poor in nutrient status where as lower level soils are dark and richer in nutrients and organic matter. All lateritic soils are poor in calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. They are generally well drained and porous. The soil reaction is more on the acidic side. On laterites, as already mentioned, rice is grown at lower elevations and at higher elevations, tea, coffee, cinchona, rubber and cashewnut can be grown under good soil management conditions. On the whole, laterites are poor in fertility and readily respond to manuring and good cultivation. Based on the climate lateritic soils are grouped into high rainfall areas with strongly and weakly expressed dry season and humid zones with pronounced dry & wet periods. 4. Alluvial soils Alluvial soils, cover the largest area in India (approximately 7 lakh km2) and these are the most important soils from agricultural point of view. The main features of alluvial soils have been derived as silt deposition laid down by the Indian river systems like the Indus, the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the rivers like Narmada, Tapti: Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery. These rivers carry the products of weathering of rocks constituting the mountains and deposit them along their path as they flow down the plain land towards the sea. Geologically, the alluvium is divided into recent alluvium which is known as Khadar and old alluvium, as bhangar. The newer alluvium is sandy and light coloured whereas older alluvium is more clayey, dark coloured and contains lime concretions. The soils have a wide range in soil characteristics viz. acid to alkaline sandy to clay, normal to saline, sodic and calcareous, shallow to very deep. The climate ranges from arid to humid s ub-tropical. The following groupings of alluvial soils may be recognised: alluvial soils (Khadar, bhangar and highly calcareous), deltaic alluvium, coastal alluvium, coastal sands, calcareous sierocomic and grey-brown soils. a. Alluvial soils The alluvial soils occuring in the Indo-Gangetic plains and the Brahmaputra valley cover a large area. The soils are transported and deposited by the rivers from the parent material. The rivers are the Ganga, Jamuna, Brahmaputra and their tributaries. The soils are deep and hard pans in the subsoil are calcareous (made of calcium carbonate) and acidic. These are deficient in nitrogen, phosphorous and humus, but not in potash and lime. These soils are fertile amongst all the soils of India. They produce a wide variety of crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane, jute and potato. They are distributed mainly in the northern, north-western and north-eastern parts of our country. b. Deltaic alluvial soils They are formed from sediments carried by rivers and deposited in the mouths of rivers joining the sea. The deltas of the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery are the most important ones. In Gujarat, the deltaic alluvial soils which are sandy loam to clay loam are locally called Goradu soils. The Godavari and Krishna rivers pass through basaltic region having black soils and these soils are dark and fine textured. The Cauvery delta soils are significantly clayey and Ganga delta soils show high accumulation of organic matter, as in the Sunderbans of West Bengal, due to swampy vegetation. These soils are fertile and grow a wide variety of crops suited to climatic conditions. c. Coastal alluvium Soils developed on coastal alluvium are found along, the sea coasts. Soils are dark coloured, coarse textured and poor in fertility. Some soils are saline due to the inundation of sea water. Such soils in the Konkan coast of Maharashtra are called Khar soils. d. Coastal sands Sandy soils occur prominently in the coastal area of Tanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, along the Kerala coast, Bapatla in Guntur distrjct of Andhra Pradesh and Puri district in Orissa. If sandy soils are not saline, plantation crops like coconut, cashew and casuarina can be taken up for cultivation. Other soils under alluvium are calcareous sierozomes and grey brown soils. Calcareous sierozomes can be seen in the desertic region of Haryana and Punjab. The word ‘sierozem† denotes a group of soils having a brownish-grey surface horizon with a sub-layer of carbonates which is developed under mixed shrub vegetation in a-temperate to cool, arid climate. Grey-brown soils as the name itself indicates its nature, can be found in, desert soils of Rajasthan. 5. Desert soils In the north-western part of India, desert soils occur over an area of 0.29 million hecta,res, which includes a major part of Rajasthan, south of Haryana and Punjab and northern part of Gujarat. Rainfall ranges from less than 10 cms to 50 cms, mostly contributed during monsoon season. The region consists of sand dunes and undulating sandy plains. The temperature regime is very high throughout the year and a maximum of 50-60 °C is recorded during summer. Due to high temperature organic-matter built up is very low. The soils in the plains are mostly derived from alluvium and are pale brown to brown to yellow brown and fine sandy to loamy fine sand and are structureless. The clay contents low and presence of alkaline earth carbonates is an important feature. The nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus makes the desert soils fertile and productive under proper moisture supply. By increasing the water holding capacity, the productivity of the soils can be increased which involve s addition of organic matter and clay. 6. Tarai soils The word â€Å"tarai† is a hindi word, which means moist. Thus, i is a wet regime having high water table. Tarai soils are foot hii soils and extend in strips of varying widths at the foot of Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar-Pradesh, Bihar and West-Bengal. Soils under the natural conditions are thickly vegetated and swampy. Several types of grasses and trees from the native vegetation on removal of which the soils become highly productive. The soils are formed from the materials that are washed down by the erosion of mountains. They are alluvial origin. High soil moisture content all through the year results in luxuriant vegetation dominated by tall grasses. They are neutral to slightly alkaline with significant amounts of organic matter. The texture varies from sandy loam to silty loam. Generally, these soils are fertile and by providing proper drainage, the productivity can be increased.